{"id":127332,"date":"2018-10-28T23:55:54","date_gmt":"2018-10-29T06:55:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/?post_type=arcnews&#038;p=127332"},"modified":"2023-08-08T09:20:30","modified_gmt":"2023-08-08T16:20:30","slug":"arcgis-disconnected-apps-transform-hurricane-response-in-puerto-rico","status":"publish","type":"arcnews","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/arcnews\/arcgis-disconnected-apps-transform-hurricane-response-in-puerto-rico","title":{"rendered":"ArcGIS Disconnected Apps Transform Hurricane Response in Puerto Rico"},"author":1312,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"sync_status":"","episode_type":"","audio_file":"","castos_file_data":"","podmotor_file_id":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[10622,1041,13602],"tags":[251,921,161962,161972],"arcnews_issues":[138472],"class_list":["post-127332","arcnews","type-arcnews","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-apps-for-the-field","category-collaboration","category-natural-disasters","tag-disaster-recovery","tag-disaster-response","tag-hurricane-maria","tag-puerto-rico","arcnews_issues-arcnews-fall-2018","arcnews_sections-news"],"acf":{"short_description":"When Hurricane Maria left Puerto Rico in chaos with no communication networks, Esri distributor GMT got creative in its response efforts.","pdf":{"host_remotely":false,"file":"","file_url":""},"flexible_content":[{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"After Hurricane Maria roared through Puerto Rico on September 20, 2017, the island was in a state of total chaos. The category 4 storm destroyed the power grid, leaving all 3.4 million residents without electricity; decimated already-aged infrastructure, rendering many roads and bridges unusable; and devastated communication networks, cutting off Internet and cell service almost completely.\r\n\r\nDisaster response and recovery efforts were going to be difficult. The unincorporated US territory, which declared bankruptcy that May, hadn\u2019t even recuperated from Hurricane Irma, a category 5 storm that grazed the island two weeks prior and left 80,000 people without power."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":127362,"image_position":"left","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"Within days of Maria, a number of federal and state agencies descended on Puerto Rico to help out. These included the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA); the US Army Corps of Engineers; the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); the US Department of Veterans Affairs; and scores of police officers, firefighters, and paramedics from New York, New Jersey, California, Arizona, and elsewhere. The Puerto Rico Planning Board was at the helm, with extensive support from the island\u2019s department of transportation, police department, and cadastre unit, along with several private companies and nonprofit organizations.\r\n\r\nOnce everyone in Puerto Rico was able to get out of their houses and make sure their families were safe\u2014which took a few days\u2014the central government set up an Emergency Operations Center (COE in Spanish) at the convention center in the capital city of San Juan. From there, all these organizations began coordinating efforts to restore the power grid, fix roads and bridges, get medical aid and disaster relief to residents, and assess the damage. But with all forms of digital and mobile communication down, they were going to need to get creative.\r\n\r\nWhen staff from Geographic Mapping Technologies, Corp. (GMT), got to the COE, they saw that the organizations were working pretty independently of one another. Many agencies had brought GIS teams, so they were making their own maps and printing a lot of them out to take into the field. Additionally, everyone seemed to have separate maps of key locations: cell towers, gas stations, hospitals, and supermarkets. That wasn\u2019t going to get anything done quickly. So GMT, Esri\u2019s official distributor in Puerto Rico, stepped in.\r\n\r\nWith assistance from Esri\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/disaster-response\/overview\">Disaster Response Program<\/a> (DRP), staff from GMT not only integrated everyone\u2019s GIS resources into one place, but they also built innovative apps that field crews could use to collect and share data\u2014even offline. This made the response go much faster than it would have otherwise.\r\n\r\n\u201cAnd that\u2019s so strange because, for us\u201d\u2014the residents of Puerto Rico\u2014\u201cit took forever,\u201d said Glenda Rom\u00e1n, GMT\u2019s professional services manager."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":127372,"image_position":"right","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<h2>Data All Over the Place<\/h2>\r\nNo one in Puerto Rico anticipated that the aftermath of Hurricane Maria would be as bad as it was.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe didn\u2019t expect to be with everything one day and then nothing the next day,\u201d said Diego Llamas, the technical support manager for GMT. \u201cCommunications, the Internet, and all the facilities you have using your cell phone\u2014those didn\u2019t work.\u201d\r\n\r\nThis was a huge problem for the organizations orchestrating the response.\r\n\r\n\u201cTheir own apps worked in the field only if there was Internet or <em>[a]<\/em> mobile connection,\u201d said Alberto Mill\u00e1n, a GIS analyst for GMT. \u201cWhen they got to Puerto Rico, they had problems because there was no service.\u201d\r\n\r\nScrambling to get their operations under way, the various GIS units started printing out maps\u2014hundreds, maybe thousands of them. The GMT team noticed immediately that this was causing many agencies to duplicate efforts.\r\n\r\n\u201cData was all over the place, and nobody was getting that data,\u201d recalled Rom\u00e1n.\r\n\r\nGMT\u2019s president, Aurelio (Tito) Castro, agreed with the planning board that everyone needed to start collaborating\u2014quickly\u2014and begin using the same dynamic data to get a robust response going.\r\n\r\nThe Puerto Rico Planning Board already had an ArcGIS Online account, so Castro interfaced with the DRP team\u2014which reached out to him the day after the hurricane to offer GMT any help it needed\u2014to get extra licenses and credits.\r\n\r\n\u201cThe first thing we did was set up as a hub through the ArcGIS Online account for the Puerto Rico Planning Board,\u201d said Rom\u00e1n.\r\n\r\n\u201cSince that day, we started growing the users in the planning board\u2019s system, <em>[and everyone]<\/em> started putting information into the common platform,\u201d added Castro.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe connected all these agencies through creating groups and sharing content,\u201d continued Rom\u00e1n. \u201cBy doing that, we were able to provide one space where all these first responders could gather local data <em>[on]<\/em> roads, hospitals, gas stations, supermarkets, <em>[and]<\/em> criminal incidents.\u201d"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":142012,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"They also started receiving a steady stream of documents and links from the DRP that contained data, images, and apps from people around the Esri community who were working to help Puerto Rico with the response.\r\n\r\n\u201cThe <em>[DRP]<\/em> was very, very helpful in providing us with other data that we were not aware had been published by other groups, including services, aerial photographs, <em>[and]<\/em> information published by federal agencies,\u201d said Castro.\r\n\r\nTo continue getting the GIS support it needed, GMT was in constant communication with the DRP in the days and weeks following the hurricane.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe had many conversations via text in the middle of the night just to get things up and running,\u201d said Brenda Martinez, the disaster response and public safety marketing specialist at Esri.\r\n\r\n\u201cIt\u2019s very important that people around the world understand that Esri has this capability 24\/7,\u201d said Castro. \u201cI called these guys on Sundays, on Saturdays, at 9:00 p.m., at 1:00 a.m. They gave us the support.\u201d\r\n<h2>A Special Locator and a Customized App<\/h2>\r\nAfter deploying ArcGIS Online as a hub, the next issue was getting these agencies and organizations off paper maps and onto mobile apps so they could coordinate more seamlessly.\r\n\r\n\u201cAll these people needed to move in the field, and that\u2019s why they were requesting paper maps,\u201d recalled Rom\u00e1n.\r\n\r\nBut even with paper maps, rescue and recovery workers were having a hard time finding the addresses they were looking for. That\u2019s because addressing outside city centers in Puerto Rico is complicated."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":127412,"image_position":"left","orientation":"vertical","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"\u201cIn urban areas, it would work just as in the US, with street names and numbers,\u201d said Rom\u00e1n. \u201cBut once you get\u2026in the rural areas, you won\u2019t have house numbers or even street names.\u201d\r\n\r\nInstead, the main thoroughfares are numbered state roads that have markers at each kilometer. From there, interior roads branch out like limbs on a tree.\r\n\r\n\u201cThe closest you can get to a physical address is the kilometer. From that point onward, you have to use references and ask people how to get around,\u201d explained Rom\u00e1n. \u201cThat\u2019s the biggest challenge that first responders faced\u2014because how do you reach those areas if you don\u2019t have an address?\u201d\r\n\r\nThe lack of Internet and mobile connectivity made this worse. But GMT staff had a solution in mind; it would just take a bit of rigging.\r\n\r\nEsri had already worked with GMT to improve geocoding so it was more compatible with the needs in Puerto Rico\u2019s rural areas.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe built a special locator for them where they could type in the distance\u20140.1 kilometers, 0.2 kilometers\u2014along the road and find that location,\u201d said Jeff Rogers, the geocoding program manager at Esri. \u201cWe\u2019d built this capability for them into online services, and they\u2019ve been using that for years. But when the Internet went down, we needed to pull together a local, offline solution.\u201d\r\n\r\nSeveral teams at Esri worked with GMT for about a week to build a custom search capability, along with a customized version of the Explorer for ArcGIS app, that would enable first responders to go out into rural areas with handheld devices to find and report on people who needed assistance and incidents that required attention\u2014all without Internet or cell connectivity. This entailed building a composite locator based on all sorts of data from different agencies and using parcel data to build the geocoder by name.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe didn\u2019t have addresses, but we did have the names of who owns the land. So we geocoded the names,\u201d explained Rom\u00e1n. \u201cThen, once you get to the kilometer, you can actually figure out how to move to <em>[a]<\/em> house by identifying the owner\u2019s name.\u201d\r\n\r\nThis proved indispensable to getting field crews out to their assignments so they could provide support and do inspections of damaged infrastructure and buildings.\r\n\r\n\u201cThis was a good test for the disconnected functionality because there was actually no Internet, and it worked superbly,\u201d added Rom\u00e1n.\r\n<h2>Different Agencies, Different Needs<\/h2>\r\nGMT\u2019s work didn\u2019t stop there. The team built six custom apps in total and collaborated with all the organizations at the COE to get them the GIS services and apps they needed.\r\n\r\n\u201cWith different agencies, we had different jobs,\u201d recalled Llamas. \u201cOne of them asked for the geocoding. Other ones asked for surveys. Other ones wanted to collect information.\u201d\r\n\r\nIn addition to Explorer, the team employed Survey123 for ArcGIS, Collector for ArcGIS, Web AppBuilder for ArcGIS, and Operations Dashboard for ArcGIS to help each agency and organization get its work done more efficiently."},{"acf_fc_layout":"quote","image":"","text":"This was a good test for the disconnected functionality because there was actually no Internet, and it worked superbly.","author_name":"Glenda Rom\u00e1n","author_profession_organization":"Professional Services Manager, GMT"},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"The US Army Corps of Engineers, for example, inspected a lot of infrastructure and provided direct aid to residents. Its team members employed the customized Explorer app heavily to figure out where to land helicopters in rural areas and determine how bad the damage was to houses and other structures.\r\n\r\nThe CDC benefited from having the four or five paper-based forms it was using entered into Survey123 so it could gather and disseminate health data digitally rather than running paper work back and forth across the island."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":127442,"image_position":"right","orientation":"vertical","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"The GMT team also helped municipalities digitize their data collection efforts and workflows. Staff at the Caguas municipality, for example, wanted to track their progress with clearing roads of downed trees and garbage. They also wanted to update citizens on which roads and bridges were open for transit and which ones weren\u2019t.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe made dashboards and web maps for them, and they used ArcGIS Pro,\u201d said Mill\u00e1n.\r\n\r\nOnce the team from GMT got going, most of the apps took just 10\u201345 minutes to build, while the more complicated ones required, at most, two or three days. Soon, about 90 percent of the organizations at the COE were using ArcGIS technology, according to Castro\u2019s estimate.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe had to do more with fewer resources, and the ArcGIS platform was crucial to that,\u201d he reflected.\r\n<h2>A Platform That Made the Difference<\/h2>\r\nWith all the agencies using GIS apps both in the field and back at the COE, local police sharing crime data almost constantly, the transportation agency updating people on road conditions every day, and everyone receiving additional data through the DRP\u2014all in ArcGIS, and all without connectivity in the field\u2014disaster response efforts picked up. But things still moved slowly.\r\n\r\n\u201cTypically, the response phase lasts a couple of days to a couple of weeks,\u201d said Jeff Baranyi, Esri\u2019s public safety assistance program operations manager. \u201cFor Puerto Rico, they were in response mode for several months. The whole country seemed to be relatively crippled. The magnitude of damage was quite vast.\u201d\r\n\r\nIt took the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority 11 months to report complete power restoration. Washed out roads and bridges are still being repaired. And a study from George Washington University\u2019s Milken Institute School of Public Health estimated that in the six months after Hurricane Maria struck, anywhere from 2,658 to 3,290 excess deaths occurred due to the extended relief and recovery process.\r\n\r\n\u201cThe hurricane was way beyond any historic memory there is here in Puerto Rico,\u201d said Rom\u00e1n. \u201cBut using the ArcGIS platform was a way of bringing together all the agencies, of sharing data on Puerto Rico, <em>[and]<\/em> of helping organize the response efforts and then the recovery efforts. Everything could be easily deployed, and so fast\u2014no programming needed. And I think that really made a difference. Without that, the response would have been slower than what it actually was.\u201d"}],"references":null},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>ArcGIS Disconnected Apps Transform Hurricane Response in Puerto Rico | Fall 2018 | ArcNews<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"When Hurricane Maria left Puerto Rico in chaos with no communication networks, Esri distributor GMT got creative in its response efforts.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/arcnews\/arcgis-disconnected-apps-transform-hurricane-response-in-puerto-rico\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ArcGIS Disconnected Apps Transform 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