{"id":200122,"date":"2019-01-21T23:55:46","date_gmt":"2019-01-22T07:55:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/?post_type=arcnews&p=200122"},"modified":"2019-04-03T12:44:10","modified_gmt":"2019-04-03T19:44:10","slug":"weathering-hurricane-florence","status":"publish","type":"arcnews","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/arcnews\/weathering-hurricane-florence","title":{"rendered":"Weathering Hurricane Florence"},"author":1432,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"sync_status":"","episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","castos_file_data":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[1041,237591,13602],"tags":[185202,160642,197122,9402,20392],"arcnews_issues":[300072],"class_list":["post-200122","arcnews","type-arcnews","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-collaboration","category-disaster-response","category-natural-disasters","tag-hurricane-florence","tag-local-government","tag-nonprofit","tag-state-government","tag-web-gis","arcnews_issues-arcnews-winter-2019","arcnews_sections-news"],"acf":{"short_description":"Web GIS is changing disaster response, allowing organizations to continually unite their daily operations with emergency needs.","pdf":{"host_remotely":false,"file":"","file_url":""},"flexible_content":[{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"A profound change is taking place in how local municipalities, state and federal agencies, and other organizations prepare for and respond to disasters. Instead of shifting from everyday operations into emergency mode, in which real-time collaboration and communication with the public suddenly become critical, they are being more proactive, employing Web GIS before, during, and after disaster situations to unite their daily operations with emergency needs and foster ongoing cooperation.\r\n\r\nAs Hurricane Florence barreled toward the eastern United States in mid-September 2018, the City of New Bern, North Carolina; the South Carolina Emergency Management Division (SCEMD); and nonprofits including the National Alliance for Public Safety GIS (NAPSG) Foundation and Humanity Road were as ready as they\u2019d ever been to take a direct hit. In large part, that\u2019s because they already had scalable and dependable Web GIS configurations in full use."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":200152,"image_position":"right","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"\u201cWeb GIS has progressed to an operational capacity so powerful that organizations can take advantage of it right away, deploying apps to first responders and citizens as soon as the infrastructure and processes are there,\u201d said Ryan Lanclos, Esri\u2019s director of public safety industries. \u201cBeing prepared for the next thing that\u2019s coming\u2014whatever that incident might be\u2014is critical to execute an effective response and recovery. We saw a lot of people proactively taking measures to do that in the lead-up to Hurricane Florence.\u201d\r\n\r\nThe next event always comes sooner than anyone anticipates, so baseline readiness is paramount. Here\u2019s a look at how New Bern, SCEMD, NAPSG Foundation, and Humanity Road leveraged the power of Web GIS\u2014including new special emergency management solutions from Esri\u2014to direct their response and recovery operations in very effective ways.\r\n

Ready for Water Rescues and Quick with Damage Assessments<\/strong><\/h2>\r\nLocated near the coast at the confluence of two rivers\u2014and about 90 miles from Hurricane Florence\u2019s point of impact\u2014New Bern had prepared for big storms before. Two years prior, when Hurricane Matthew, initially a category 5 storm, was forecasted to roll through the Carolinas, the city set up Esri\u2019s Damage Assessment configuration on Collector for ArcGIS to help emergency responders keep tabs on field resources and conduct damage assessments. But Matthew turned back into the Atlantic Ocean after making brief landfall as a category 1 storm in South Carolina, and New Bern was spared. It was clear this time, however, that the city wouldn\u2019t be so lucky.\r\n\r\n\u201cWhen we heard that Florence was coming and we knew how bad it was going to be, our first thought was to evacuate,\u201d said Alice Wilson, New Bern\u2019s GIS manager. \u201cBut then we knew some of us had to stay here to help the people who stay behind.\u201d\r\n\r\nCity officials set up an emergency operations center (EOC) the day before the storm hit. Wilson and her team tested all their geospatial tools ahead of time, including the Damage Assessment configuration that emergency responders would use out in the field and Operations Dashboard for ArcGIS, which teams in the EOC would employ to oversee operations. They also wanted to be able to provide the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) with as much information as possible as quickly as possible.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe knew, based on our elevation data, [which] areas would be affected,\u201d said Wilson."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":200162,"image_position":"right","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"City officials also knew from Hurricane Irene in 2011 that the Neuse and Trent Rivers that surround New Bern could swell up to seven feet, if not more. Wilson pulled stream gauge data into ArcGIS Desktop so staff in the EOC could monitor the rising rivers. They readied for water rescues.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe\u2019d put a mandatory evacuation in place, but people stayed for one reason or another,\u201d said Wilson.\r\n\r\nWhen Florence hit the afternoon of Friday, September 14, it was an immediate impact. The rivers swelled by 10 feet.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe were getting call after call for water rescues,\u201d she said. \u201cPeople were calling telling us they were in their attics and needed to be rescued.\u201d\r\n\r\nBy 11:30 p.m. that night, staff at the EOC were aware that about 150 people needed to be rescued, according to the City of New Bern\u2019s Twitter account. But that was only half of what was to come.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe got through our stuff and then got a call Sunday morning at 1:00 that [the neighboring town of] Pollocksville needed water rescues,\u201d said Wilson.\r\n\r\nRescue teams from New Bern weren\u2019t familiar with Pollocksville, though. At one point, the fireman in the EOC said his water rescue crew couldn\u2019t find high ground. So Wilson used GIS data from North Carolina\u2019s statewide GIS advisory group and found contour lines for Pollocksville. She employed ArcGIS Desktop to map where that crew was and where it needed to go. Staff in the EOC then used walkie talkies and cell phones to direct the team to higher ground.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe conducted over 300 water evacuations,\u201d said Wilson, \u201cand not even just in our city.\u201d\r\n\r\nUsing data from ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World and local information, such as where street closures and shelters were located, Wilson and her team created online, public-facing maps as well. They posted a tabbed story map on the city\u2019s website that showed stream gauges, wind velocity, and more information about Florence\u2019s sheer potency. They also have a live app that displays all the power outages in New Bern in real time, which proved crucial during the storm, saving city staff untold amounts of time answering phone calls from residents asking about outages."},{"acf_fc_layout":"quote","image":200172,"text":"Without question, we just knocked it out of the ballpark and not only helped this city but also helped neighboring cities that didn\u2019t have what we have. Hopefully now we can plan a little better when we rebuild.","author_name":"Alice Wilson","author_profession_organization":"GIS Manager, City of New Bern"},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"The whole time, Wilson manned two computers: one that showed a map of New Bern in ArcGIS Desktop and one that pulled the online maps and apps she and her team had built into a dashboard that everyone in the EOC could see on a big monitor.\r\n\r\n\u201cIt was pretty chaotic, but we tried to make sure we had as much information as possible as Florence came in,\u201d said Wilson.\r\n\r\nThe storm passed through on Sunday, September 16, and the City of New Bern immediately began doing damage assessments using the Damage Assessment configuration it had set up in Collector. Utility workers, firefighters, and inspectors\u2014from both New Bern and outside cities\u2014jumped in to help.\r\n\r\nSome of them had never used Collector before, let alone the Damage Assessment configuration, so Wilson and her colleagues trained them quickly and sent them into the field. Utility workers went first to the houses they knew had been completely inundated by water to see what they would need to do to restore service. Firefighters and inspectors went out in pairs to examine any fire concerns and record all the destruction using the app.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe had significant damage,\u201d said Wilson. \u201cThe storm surge affected us the most.\u201d"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":200182,"image_position":"right","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"In addition to the heavy flooding that deluged some parts of town, New Bern had four feet of water inside its historic downtown buildings. Big bear statues that usually stand outside certain businesses were floating down the street. And a few yachts ended up landbound, stranded next to houses and even a hotel.\r\n\r\nBy the following Friday\u2014just seven days after Hurricane Florence hit\u2014New Bern had finished its damage assessments.\r\n\r\n\u201cAll the houses that were really damaged fell right where we thought they would,\u201d said Wilson. \u201cSo we knew our data was good.\u201d\r\n\r\nInspectors recorded an estimated $100 million of losses to both commercial and residential properties. Although that number is breathtaking\u2014especially for a city of 30,000 residents\u2014Wilson was impressed by how fast New Bern recorded this much damage.\r\n\r\n\u201cI was here when we had Hurricane Irene, [which] was probably the worst hurricane that I\u2019ve been a part of,\u201d said Wilson. \u201cBack then, inspectors would use these forms that were FEMA generated, and they would go handwrite all this information. They would bring it back to me, and I would have to enter it all. It was so time-consuming. You were trying to read somebody\u2019s handwriting, and after a while, they would just scribble something because they were so tired.\u201d\r\n\r\nThe Damage Assessment configuration, which works on both Collector and Survey123 for ArcGIS, is so much faster, according to Wilson.\r\n\r\n\u201cBecause it\u2019s spatially located, I don\u2019t have to do anything,\u201d she said. \u201cWe were sharing this live. We [didn\u2019t] have to process it and turn it around.\u201d\r\n\r\nAs of that same Friday, FEMA was already aware of New Bern\u2019s damage assessment values.\r\n\r\n\u201cI can\u2019t even think of the amount of time we\u2019ve saved,\u201d said Wilson. \u201cEsri tools\u2026have been instrumental in getting us back on our feet.\u201d\r\n\r\nWith only a few injuries and no deaths recorded in New Bern due to Hurricane Florence, Wilson said she has never been prouder of her community.\r\n\r\n\u201cWithout question, we just knocked it out of the ballpark and not only helped this city but also helped neighboring cities that didn\u2019t have what we have,\u201d said Wilson. \u201cHopefully now we can plan a little better when we rebuild.\u201d\r\n

A Changing Storm Leads to a Surprise Flood Event<\/strong><\/h2>\r\nWhen Hurricane Florence set in on South Carolina, Charlie Kaufman, the GIS manager at SCEMD, was well equipped to be agile.\r\n\r\n\u201cSouth Carolina Emergency Management as a whole is a support agency for county and local governments,\u201d explained Kaufman, who is essentially a one-man GIS shop. \u201cMy role as the GIS manager for the emergency management division is making GIS products to support not only agencies that are assisting at the state level but, if I can, also making GIS products that can support counties.\u201d\r\n\r\nThe products he puts together range widely, from hundreds of GIS layers and web apps to dashboard-based situation reports and predictive flood models. For Hurricane Florence, this array of GIS proved indispensable, since over the course of just a few days, the nature of the storm changed several times, affecting everyone\u2019s response operations."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":200192,"image_position":"right","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"\u201cWe initially thought a category 4 storm was going to broadside us,\u201d said Kaufman. So South Carolina governor Henry McMaster ordered a mandatory evacuation for several coastal counties. He encouraged people to go to SCEMD\u2019s Know Your Zone web page to determine if they were likely going to be affected by the storm surge.\r\n\r\n\u201cOur hurricane Know Your Zone website really got engaged,\u201d recalled Kaufman, who used ArcGIS Online to host the map. \u201cMy final tally for that was I had over 900,000 views on it.\u201d\r\n\r\nAt this point, SCEMD began planning search and rescue and life safety response operations. Kaufman readied his search and rescue grid map. He also used Web AppBuilder for ArcGIS to make web maps that first responders could take out into the field and use on their tablets and smartphones.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe have a statewide common operating picture\u2026that\u2019s already in a web application that we use to monitor disasters all the time,\u201d explained Kaufman. \u201cI have about 300 GIS layers ready to go so I can create offshoots of that on the fly if I need to.\u201d\r\n\r\nAlthough a lot of water dropped in South Carolina when Florence made landfall, it didn\u2019t end up being the category 4 storm SCEMD had been expecting. While emergency responders commenced operations as soon as the wind stopped blowing, some of the people who had evacuated started to come back, thinking that all threats from Florence were over. But then the rain didn\u2019t stop, and a lot of the water that deluged North Carolina headed south. That\u2019s when the rivers started to rise.\r\n\r\n\u201cIt turned out to be a flood event,\u201d said Kaufman. \u201cWe weren\u2019t expecting that much rain, so the flood event was a surprise.\u201d\r\n\r\nThe response was protracted, which required continued collaboration across several agencies. Kaufman built internal daily situation reports in Operations Dashboard and sent them out to everyone involved in the response so they could get an overview of what was going on.\r\n\r\n\u201cThat had county closures, shelter numbers, [and] a quick weather radar of significant events that were happening in the state,\u201d he explained. And it was just a modified version of the standard daily situation report SCEMD sends out on \u201cblue-sky days,\u201d when no emergencies are taking place, so it was easy to get up and running because people were already well-versed in using the app."},{"acf_fc_layout":"quote","image":200202,"text":"We\u2019re getting better every time we do this, with practice\u2014though we wish we didn\u2019t have the practice.","author_name":"Charlie Kaufman","author_profession_organization":"GIS Manager, South Carolina Emergency Management Division"},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"Kaufman also used flood models from the Department of Natural Resources, the National Guard\u2019s data and briefing maps, and his own web apps and maps to layer all this information and get an idea of where floodwaters were predicted to rise and fall. This helped all responding agencies allocate resources appropriately.\r\n\r\n\u201cThe flood covered a large area, so they worked downriver as it [developed], trying to stay ahead,\u201d said Kaufman. \u201cThe National Guard sandbagged highways, trying to keep some of them open. The coast guard was out there with police and other law enforcement doing rescues, too.\u201d\r\n\r\nWhile many search and rescue crews do still request paper maps from Kaufman (which he gladly supplies and updates to keep response efforts moving forward), he did see an uptick in use of his Web GIS products during Hurricane Florence. The search and rescue grid app, for instance, got more than 500 hits. And the Florence imagery viewer, which Kaufman built using photos from the Civil Air Patrol and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), received several hundred hits, too.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe\u2019re getting better every time we do this, with practice\u2014though we wish we didn\u2019t have the practice,\u201d said Kaufman. \u201cThe mapping products are getting better, people are able to better use the products out in the field, and they\u2019re asking better questions of what they want. [\u2026] ArcGIS Online is getting better, so are REST services. You can pull NOAA weather feeds in [and] you can give them weather maps [as] web maps or hard copy.\u201d\r\n\r\nUltimately, said Kaufman, he was able to give emergency responders better data, allowing them to make better decisions.\r\n

Creating Real-Time Common Operational Pictures<\/strong><\/h2>\r\nWhile local municipalities and state agencies throughout the Carolinas did what they could to mitigate injuries and damage from Hurricane Florence, two remarkable nonprofits\u2014NAPSG Foundation and Humanity Road\u2014employed GIS to give search and rescue crews, emergency managers, and evacuated residents a real-time picture of what was happening on the ground. With Web GIS at the center of their workflows, both organizations were able to map crowdsourced photos and share critical, on-the-ground information with people who needed it.\r\n\r\n\u201cPhotos are worth a thousand words, but putting a photo on a map makes those thousand words actionable,\u201d said Paul Doherty, program manager at NAPSG Foundation."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":200212,"image_position":"right","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"As just one part of its larger mission to incorporate geospatial technology more deeply into public safety and emergency preparedness, NAPSG Foundation partnered with another nonprofit, GISCorps, to stand up an Esri Story Maps app with crowdsourced photos from areas affected by Hurricane Florence.\r\n\r\n\u201cAcross the entire impact area, there\u2019s no single place to go to find images of what it looks like on the ground. But it\u2019s not as simple as just putting a story map out and hoping people will add photos,\u201d explained Doherty. \u201cThe general public is hopefully out of the affected area and is not going to take the time to add a photo. But reporters and first responders are posting photos to Twitter and Facebook\u2014they\u2019re just not georeferenced. So if you\u2019re an emergency manager, those photos slip through the cracks. They never get mapped. GISCorps [volunteers] look at the photos and say, \u2018there\u2019s a street address, a business name, a street name,\u2019 and they put that [photo] on the map.\u201d\r\n\r\nWith this resource, search and rescue teams were able to see the conditions they were about to head into. And when FEMA was trying to figure out if certain shelters got flooded, staff were able to check the story map to see images of each location.\r\n\r\nJust as photos get lost in the fray during an emergency, so does valuable information, such as where shelters are located or whether there are communication outages.\r\n\r\n\u201cSometimes the public doesn\u2019t know where to go for official information because the event is so large and moves so fast,\u201d said Cat Graham, the chief operations officer of Humanity Road, which sends out reports during disaster situations that list local officials; websites that display power outage information; and the status of local hospitals, airports, and other critical infrastructure. Not only does this help the public navigate events like hurricanes, but it also assists aid agencies as they prepare to service those areas.\r\n\r\n\u201cMany people don\u2019t realize that power companies are mandated to provide a public power outage map, but communications companies are not. So it becomes challenging to get information,\u201d continued Graham. \u201cWe wonder, are we not seeing cries for help because there are none or are we not seeing cries for help because there\u2019s no communication in that area?\u201d"},{"acf_fc_layout":"quote","image":200222,"text":"Photos are worth a thousand words, but putting a photo on a map makes those thousand words actionable.","author_name":"Paul Doherty","author_profession_organization":"Program Manager, National Alliance for Public Safety GIS Foundation"},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"To help fix this problem, the US Coast Guard activated Humanity Road for Hurricane Florence to provide a live strategic map of search and rescue requests emerging on social media\u2014a first for disaster-related digital deployments. Humanity Road\u2019s diverse group of volunteers scoured social media feeds from about 700 cities and 30 counties for hashtags and keywords such as \u201chelp\u201d and \u201cI\u2019m trapped\u201d to identify legitimate requests for assistance. Meanwhile, two US Coast Guard Academy cadets, Reid Wiegleb and Evan Twarog (who were volunteering with Humanity Road) built geospatial information products, including a heat map\u2014hosted in ArcGIS Online\u2014of rescue requests that coast guard command centers were able to consume. This gave decision-makers and first responders a common operational picture of what was happening on the ground so they could position assets effectively.\r\n\r\n\u201cYou might have seven different teams doing seven different tasks,\u201d said Graham. \u201cWhen you get all those seven together and you can make a common map, you get a beautiful picture of exactly what\u2019s happening on the ground.\u201d\r\n\r\nBoth nonprofits want to see local, state, and federal organizations use geospatial information and GIS more robustly during nonemergencies as well so they can be ready to use it when disaster does strike.\r\n\r\n\u201cGeospatial information and tools are no longer a nice-to-have for public safety agencies,\u201d said NAPSG Foundation executive director Peter O\u2019Rourke. \u201cIt will absolutely change the decisions [being] made if you use it on an ongoing basis.\u201d"},{"acf_fc_layout":"sidebar","layout":"standard","image_reference":null,"image_reference_figure":"","spotlight_image":null,"section_title":"","spotlight_name":"","position":"Center","content":"Check out Esri\u2019s new solutions<\/a> for emergency management operations.","snippet":""}],"references":null},"yoast_head":"\nWeathering Hurricane Florence<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Web GIS is changing disaster response, allowing organizations to continually unite their daily operations with emergency needs.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/arcnews\/weathering-hurricane-florence\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Weathering Hurricane Florence\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" 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