{"id":245142,"date":"2019-06-23T23:55:27","date_gmt":"2019-06-24T06:55:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/?post_type=arcnews&#038;p=245142"},"modified":"2022-06-02T17:05:34","modified_gmt":"2022-06-03T00:05:34","slug":"seattle-zoo-builds-basemap-around-lions-tigers-and-bears","status":"publish","type":"arcnews","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/arcnews\/seattle-zoo-builds-basemap-around-lions-tigers-and-bears","title":{"rendered":"Seattle Zoo Builds Basemap Around Lions, Tigers, and Bears"},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"sync_status":"","episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","castos_file_data":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[260002,91,801],"tags":[287382,295352,276582,160952,204482],"arcnews_issues":[362452],"class_list":["post-245142","arcnews","type-arcnews","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-data-management","category-mapping","category-operational-intelligence","tag-esri-partners","tag-facilities","tag-gps","tag-infrastructure","tag-laser","arcnews_issues-summer-2019","arcnews_sections-your-work"],"acf":{"short_description":"Every time Woodland Park Zoo changes an exhibit, infrastructure gets moved. The lead gardener decided to keep better track of that with GIS.","pdf":{"host_remotely":false,"file":"","file_url":""},"flexible_content":[{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"Woodland Park Zoo in Seattle, Washington, welcomes more than 1.3 million guests each year to its 92 acres of award-winning exhibits and gardens. Visitors can see hundreds of animal species and thousands of trees, shrubs, herbs, and vines\u2014and even experience a sensory garden.\r\n\r\nSince its founding in 1899, the zoo has added countless exhibits. Today, Woodland Park Zoo ranks second (only to the Bronx Zoo in New York City) in the number of times it\u2019s been honored for its exhibits by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums.\r\n\r\nEach time the zoo adds an exhibit, however, its facilities team has to adjust related infrastructure. That means that irrigation valves, water lines, and underground gas lines might all get moved.\r\n\r\n\u201cWith every new exhibit comes changes in how the utilities and infrastructure are laid out,\u201d said lead gardener Dann Block."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":245182,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"In its 120 years, Woodland Park Zoo has refined its <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/location-intelligence\">location intelligence tools<\/a> almost as many times as it has updated its exhibits. Zoo employees have located infrastructure using everything from paper maps and institutional knowledge to CAD drawings and as-builts.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe\u2019ve got maps dating back to the 1950s that were hand drawn,\u201d said Block.\r\n\r\nAs employees retire and paper maps get lost or become outdated, it gets even more challenging to locate current infrastructure. An irrigation box might appear in one place on a map, for instance, despite having been moved years ago.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe\u2019re constantly digging holes and finding stuff we didn\u2019t expect to be there,\u201d said Block.\r\n\r\nSo he decided to capture all the zoo\u2019s infrastructure data once and for all.\r\n\r\n\u201cI wanted a good set of maps,\u201d Block said.\r\n\r\nEmploying several components of the ArcGIS platform, along with solutions from Esri partners Eos Positioning Systems and Laser Technology, Inc. (LTI), Block is building the zoo\u2019s first accurate, up-to-date set of maps that employees and the public will eventually be able to use.\r\n<h2>From a Garden Inventory, an Idea Blossoms<\/h2>\r\nIn 2015, Woodland Park Zoo hired a graduate student to inventory its trees. Using his university\u2019s GPS equipment along with ArcGIS Desktop, the student mapped about 3,000 trees.\r\n\r\nBlock, who started working at the zoo in 2016, compared the student\u2019s GIS inventory to the zoo\u2019s CAD drawings.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe realized we had some inaccuracies in our data when we put everything together in ArcMap,\u201d Block said. \u201cWe had tree points in the middle of buildings or pathways. When we added aerial imagery, we noticed that some of the CAD lines were out of date and tree centers were sometimes more than 20 feet outside the canopy of the tree on the image.\u201d\r\n\r\nThe inventory was a good start, but Block needed to improve it to make it usable. He envisioned a public-facing map that highlighted the zoo\u2019s gardens, showcasing its dedication to plants that both thrive in Seattle\u2019s climate but are honest to their exhibits.\r\n\r\n\u201cMy original intent was to create a map app that shows the public the different plants in the zoo\u2014the really unique ones that can grow here but aren\u2019t found locally,\u201d Block explained.\r\n\r\nSo Block, who had no GIS training, turned to the GIS resources available to zoo staff to learn how to update the garden inventory. He signed up for an intensive, seven-day <a href=\"http:\/\/teachmegis.com\/\">TeachMeGIS.com<\/a> course taught by the King County GIS department that covered fundamental, intermediate, and advanced concepts in ArcMap. Block also took online introductory ArcGIS Desktop courses from Esri, which allowed him to work through about 50 hours of coursework in small chunks each morning. In addition, he asked the zoo\u2019s Learning &amp; Innovation department, which uses Esri software to create story maps, for an ArcGIS nonprofit license.\r\n\r\nIn his self-guided research, Block discovered a YouTube tutorial that transformed his vision.\r\n\r\n\u201cIt was fortuitous to find it,\u201d he said.\r\n\r\nAccording to Block, the video demonstrated an early version of what had since become the free ArcGIS for Parks and Gardens Data Model. Today, this data model is a full, downloadable solution managed by the Alliance for Public Gardens GIS at the University of California, Davis, and contains everything needed to create a park basemap. That includes plant center points, garden beds, exhibits, annual access areas, perimeters, sprinkler heads, valve shutoffs, curbs, pathways, asphalt, and much more.\r\n\r\n\u201cThe ArcGIS Parks and Gardens Data Model had pretty much everything we needed to make a basemap,\u201d Block said. \u201cI had to tweak some names, but that\u2019s about it.\u201d\r\n\r\nBlock then set out to re-create a comprehensive Woodland Park Zoo basemap\u2014accurately.\r\n<h2>The Technology Needed to Peek Through the Canopy<\/h2>\r\nInspired by the ArcGIS Park and Gardens Data Model, Block researched the technology he would need to remap the zoo\u2019s infrastructure and gardens.\r\n\r\nSince he already had an ArcGIS license, Block chose to use Collector for ArcGIS to gather data on his iPhone 8. But he needed to improve his mobile location accuracy beyond what the graduate student had achieved with legacy GPS and what the iPhone offered on its own."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":245192,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"The surrounding conditions didn\u2019t make that easy. Woodland Park Zoo sits on a hill. While tracking satellites on a hilltop\u2014in the zoo\u2019s southwest corner, for instance\u2014proved relatively easy thanks to open skies, tracking satellites where the park\u2019s elevation dropped hundreds of feet, such as in the park\u2019s northeast corner, was challenging. The fact that the zoo is encircled by Seattle\u2019s urban environment didn\u2019t help, either.\r\n\r\nAfter researching Bluetooth GPS receivers that performed well under an urban canopy, Block decided to use Eos\u2019s Arrow 100 GNSS receiver, which an independent study had ranked as the best performing and most affordable GPS receiver. Block and his supervisors also appreciated that the Arrow 100 used free Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS) signals to correct down to submeter accuracy, rather than requiring a paid subscription to make Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) corrections.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe looked at all the equipment and software out there, and the Arrow 100 had the best ratings under trees,\u201d Block said. \u201cWe determined that it was the best GNSS receiver available, with the best performance, that fit our budget.\u201d\r\n\r\nBlock mounted his Arrow 100 antenna to a 15-foot telescoping survey pole. The rod let him extend the antenna\u2019s reach to achieve a better view of the sky in some locations.\r\n\r\nBut even a longer rod couldn\u2019t eliminate the zoo\u2019s biggest challenge: the trees Block wanted to map were obstructing the sky.\r\n<h2>Laser Mapping Increases Accuracy and Protects Animals<\/h2>\r\nNext to the base of a big tree, of which Woodland Park Zoo has plenty, satellite signals would drop even when tracking all four global constellations, and the location point would \u201chover around a large area,\u201d according to Block. If he could get away from the trees, to clearer skies, he could collect his data with higher accuracy. But to do that, he would need to be able to capture points from afar with a laser range finder, which would then feed the asset location into Collector.\r\n\r\nBlock had seen that Eos introduced a new laser mapping solution for Collector in iOS, so he reached out to the company through its online contact form to see if Eos could recommend a good laser range finder.\r\n\r\n\u201cI would like to find a laser range finder to map our gardens and infrastructure,\u201d Block wrote, \u201cmost of which is under dense canopy cover.\u201d\r\n\r\nEos recommended the TruPulse 200x from LTI, which would allow Block to map trees, valves, and other targets from hundreds of feet away while retaining his submeter accuracy. It also worked seamlessly with Block\u2019s existing Collector app running on iOS, as well as his Arrow 100.\r\n\r\nHe ordered the TruPulse 200x and started laser mapping the trees and infrastructure that were located under other trees and buildings. His accuracy was usually about 20 centimeters.\r\n\r\n\u201cIt\u2019s a great tool to have,\u201d he said. \u201cWhen I\u2019m in dense canopy and I have all these trees, I can just pop back out, get a line of sight, and take my location point from there.\u201d\r\n\r\nThe zoo also purchased LTI\u2019s TruPulse Foliage Filter, a lens that filters out foliage and other obstructions so only the target is acquired. That helped Block take points under dense shrubbery, which happens to be where irrigation valve boxes are usually situated.\r\n\r\n\u201cWith the laser offset, I don\u2019t have to guess where my points are now. I can actually get pretty close,\u201d Block said. \u201cDepending on how close I am to buildings, I can get as good as 20 centimeters.\u201d"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":245202,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"The laser offset also allows Block to take extra precautions for the animals\u2019 safety. If he were to enter each exhibit to collect data, the animals would have to be kept in their sleeping quarters.\r\n\r\n\u201cThis usually disrupts their daily routines, so we avoid this whenever we can,\u201d Block said. \u201cIt also involves lots of coordination between departments.\u201d\r\n\r\nThe range finder comes in handy in inherently challenging places as well, where standing to capture data would be hard. This includes roof edges, moats, and fences surrounded by thorny bushes.\r\n\r\n\u201cThe laser range finder is useful anywhere safety is an issue for our workers or equipment,\u201d said Block."},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<h2>A Robust Map for Employees and, Eventually, the Public<\/h2>\r\nSo far, Block has mapped 10 percent of Woodland Park Zoo\u2019s infrastructure and gardens. He began by mapping polygons of garden beds and exhibits so he could create pathways that hint at where valve and electrical boxes might be.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe can populate where our valve and electrical boxes are based on the edges,\u201d he said.\r\n\r\nMeanwhile, he\u2019s working to figure out how to link digital scans of existing as-builts to the data in ArcGIS. This will enable field crews to pull up the history of any point in the field through Collector, including for buried assets.\r\n\r\n\u201cWhen our field crews are using Collector, they can see what we\u2019ve collected so far and also look at the as-builts to have an idea of what the underground should look like,\u201d Block said. \u201cWe can also populate the map with photos, links to work orders and work history, as-built maps, historical information, and more.\u201d\r\n\r\nThe first milestone for Block will be completing the basemap for the entire zoo within the ArcGIS for Parks and Gardens Data Model. It will show polygons of garden beds, exhibits, buildings, and pathways, as well as points that represent trees and other infrastructure. Block has also received requests to add other data to the map, such as storm water runoff.\r\n\r\nBlock and the zoo\u2019s facilities teams now envision that their crews\u2014including outdoor and indoor horticulture specialists, maintenance workers, pool operators, plumbers, electricians, carpenters, and general laborers\u2014will use Collector on their company-issued phones to look up accurate information as they go about their work.\r\n\r\n\u201cMost importantly, the map will be available to any employee in ArcGIS Online to locate infrastructure and related information in the field,\u201d he said.\r\n\r\nBlock expects the project to take several years to complete. But once it\u2019s done, he also anticipates designing that garden app that got him started.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe can eventually use this to document the garden layouts and plant locations, which could be incorporated into an app that the public can access,\u201d Block said."}],"references":null},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Seattle Zoo Builds Basemap Around Lions, Tigers, and Bears<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Every time Woodland Park Zoo changes an exhibit, infrastructure gets moved. 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