{"id":396161,"date":"2021-01-20T08:43:54","date_gmt":"2021-01-20T16:43:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/?post_type=arcnews&#038;p=396161"},"modified":"2021-01-20T12:30:35","modified_gmt":"2021-01-20T20:30:35","slug":"in-an-unprecedented-year-us-completes-census-count-with-help-from-gis","status":"publish","type":"arcnews","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/arcnews\/in-an-unprecedented-year-us-completes-census-count-with-help-from-gis","title":{"rendered":"In an Unprecedented Year, US Completes Census Count with Help from GIS"},"author":6921,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"sync_status":"","episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","castos_file_data":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[407892,400982,275952],"tags":[320072,430851,11272,295152,341422],"arcnews_issues":[472041],"class_list":["post-396161","arcnews","type-arcnews","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-field-operations","category-location-technology","category-technology","tag-census-data","tag-covid-19","tag-demographics","tag-map-viewer","tag-us-census","arcnews_issues-winter-2021","arcnews_sections-news"],"acf":{"short_description":"The Census Bureau collaborated with Esri, weaving geospatial capabilities into every operational component of its 2020 Census.","pdf":{"host_remotely":false,"file":"","file_url":""},"flexible_content":[{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"Once per decade, the United States Census Bureau sets out to count every person in the country, just once, and in the right place. The bureau spent 10 years preparing for the 2020 Census by modernizing its systems and building apps. It has successfully replaced paper-based processes with new technologies that have significantly improved data collection and workflows.\r\n\r\nThroughout its preparation for the decennial event, the Census Bureau collaborated with Esri, weaving geospatial capabilities into every operational component. The bureau was ready to do the count, but unforeseen challenges lay ahead.\r\n\r\nBy Census Day on April 1, 2020, most households in the United States had received their invitation to participate in the census. Unfortunately, by this time the first wave of COVID-19 had swept across the nation. While wreaking havoc on public and personal health all over the world, COVID-19 also impacted 2020 Census operations.\r\n\r\nThe pandemic stalled the launch of the bureau\u2019s nonresponse follow-up (NRFU) operations, in which enumerators visit the addresses of people who did not respond to invitations. Initially, the Census Bureau scheduled NRFU operations to begin May 13, but the risk of infection delayed the launch. On July 16, the bureau resumed follow-up operations in select areas.\r\n\r\nWhen it was deemed safe, thousands of masked enumerators, equipped with iPhones, began knocking on doors. From a safe distance, they asked residents census questions and recorded their answers digitally on their phones. The bureau continued to monitor the impacts of COVID-19 on operations and adapted assignments as needed to keep everyone safe.\r\n\r\n\u201cThe modernizations that we put into place far exceeded our expectations,\u201d explained Deirdre Dalpiaz Bishop, chief of the Census Bureau\u2019s Geography Division. \u201cGeographic information and associated technologies played a role in the transformation of the four main components of conducting the census.\u201d\r\n\r\nThose components for the 2020 Census are\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Establishing where to count.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Motivating people to respond.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Counting the population.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Tabulating and disseminating the results.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nSince each component is geography based, the Census Bureau deployed GIS apps, which used Esri technology, to streamline every aspect of the count. That made a huge difference in this strange and atypical time."},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<h2>Validating Addresses\u2014Mostly Digitally<\/h2>\r\nWell before census operations begin, the Census Bureau updates a national address list. An accurate address list is fundamental to the operational success of the census count. It is essential for mailing invitations and for follow-up efforts. By employing satellite imagery and GIS\u2014and having people walk around certain hard-to identify areas to verify addresses\u2014staff members built a highly accurate list for the 2020 Census.\r\n\r\nUsing the Block Assessment, Research and Classification Application (BARCA), which was developed with ArcGIS API for JavaScript and leveraged map and imagery services served in ArcGIS Enterprise, 150 staff members reviewed 11.1 million census blocks. While working in the office, they were able to validate 65 percent of the nation\u2019s addresses."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":396131,"image_position":"right","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"The validated areas were displayed on a map viewer, as were areas that required in-field validation. The Census Bureau shared the map viewer with the public to help people understand which areas census employees would be visiting.\r\n\r\n\u201cIn 2010, address validation operations involved 150,000 participants, but 10 years later, modernizations\u2014including geospatial technology\u2014enabled us to reduce our address validation workforce to 32,000,\u201d noted Bishop.\r\n\r\nStates use the decennial census to define congressional districts, state legislative districts, and voting districts, so those boundaries must align with census block boundaries. The Census Bureau\u2019s Geographic Area Reconciliation Program (GARP) manages this\u2014the bureau\u2019s largest geospatial quality control effort. GARP brings together and reconciles data from many geographic operations, such as a statistical areas program, voting operations, and ZIP code operations. The bureau also developed an operational dashboard to manage GARP processes to ensure that 14.1 million unique geographic borders aligned.\r\n\r\n\u201cWithout the dashboard, we may not have successfully completed the process according to schedule,\u201d said Bishop."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":396151,"image_position":"left","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<h2>New Techniques to Encourage People to Respond<\/h2>\r\nGetting people to self-respond to the census reaps the greatest results. The Response Outreach Area Mapper (ROAM) app, built with Esri software, streamlined this process.\r\n\r\nUsing data from the Census Bureau\u2019s American Community Survey and the 2010 Census, the bureau modeled areas that were likely to have low self-response rates. The results were displayed on a color-coded range map, so community groups knew where best to target education resources and outreach. Although COVID-19 made it difficult to do community outreach at the levels that the bureau had hoped for, ROAM performed well and will be used to help manage outreach during the Census Bureau\u2019s ongoing survey work.\r\n<h2>Making a Massive Follow-Up Operation More Efficient<\/h2>\r\nDuring the peak of its follow-up operations, the Census Bureau had nearly 240,000 enumerators collecting information. To manage this massive undertaking, the bureau used its Field Operational Control System (FOCS), which securely employed vector tile and dynamic map services hosted in ArcGIS Enterprise, to plan out the workload. Managers used FOCS to assign enumerators to certain geographic locations.\r\n\r\nFOCS maps also let managers see where operations were on track and where they needed to boost the number of resources. They could use the system\u2019s proximity function as well to ensure that enumerators got assignments that were close to their homes.\r\n\r\nIn addition, the bureau employed ArcGIS Network Analyst and ArcGIS StreetMap Premium to help optimize the workload for NRFU operations and send enumerators on the most efficient routes possible.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe have a very strong working relationship with Esri,\u201d said Bishop. \u201cWe\u2019re continuously collaborating as we enhance the tools we use to get our job done.\u201d\r\n<h2>Delivering Results<\/h2>\r\nThe final task for the Census Bureau is to ensure that all responses are associated with their correct geographic locations in the National Address List. The bureau is (as of press time) working to complete this task and fulfill its mission to count every person, just once, and in the right place."},{"acf_fc_layout":"sidebar","layout":"standard","image_reference":null,"image_reference_figure":"","spotlight_image":null,"section_title":"","spotlight_name":"","position":"Center","content":"In addition to completing the 2020 Census, the Census Bureau wanted to help businesses and decision-makers understand the social and economic impacts of COVID-19. Working with Esri, the bureau launched the COVID-19 Demographic and Economic Resources page, available at <a href=\"https:\/\/covid19.census.gov\/\">covid19.census.gov<\/a>. This provides easy access to census data as it relates to the pandemic, and the data ranges from state to local levels.","snippet":""}],"references":null},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>In an Unprecedented Year, US Completes Census Count with Help from GIS | ArcNews | Winter 2021<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Census Bureau collaborated with Esri, weaving geospatial capabilities into every operational component of its 2020 Census.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/arcnews\/in-an-unprecedented-year-us-completes-census-count-with-help-from-gis\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" 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