{"id":419902,"date":"2021-04-06T19:59:53","date_gmt":"2021-04-07T02:59:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/?post_type=arcnews&#038;p=419902"},"modified":"2021-04-06T11:04:27","modified_gmt":"2021-04-06T18:04:27","slug":"mekong-infrastructure-tracker-provides-a-regional-perspective-on-sustainability","status":"publish","type":"arcnews","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/arcnews\/mekong-infrastructure-tracker-provides-a-regional-perspective-on-sustainability","title":{"rendered":"Mekong Infrastructure Tracker Provides a Regional Perspective on Sustainability"},"author":6921,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"sync_status":"","episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","castos_file_data":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[423862,318502,981],"tags":[157952,382122,473822,160952,472871],"arcnews_issues":[472051],"class_list":["post-419902","arcnews","type-arcnews","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arcgis-dashboards","category-environmental","category-green-infrastructure","tag-environment","tag-green-energy","tag-hydroelectric-dam","tag-infrastructure","tag-mekong-river","arcnews_issues-spring-2021","arcnews_sections-your-work"],"acf":{"short_description":"Scientists at the Stimson Center monitor the impact of hydroelectric power projects on the Mekong River in Asia.","pdf":{"host_remotely":false,"file":"","file_url":""},"flexible_content":[{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"Rapid growth in the number of dams along the Mekong River is transforming Southeast Asia\u2019s energy, food, transportation, security, and ecological networks. The Mekong River, which starts on the Tibetan Plateau in China, flows through Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam before emptying into the South China Sea.\r\n\r\nEleven hydropower dams now span the river\u2019s mainstream before it leaves China, with hundreds more dams planned or under construction in the other countries that contain parts of this vital watershed. This development has been rapid, and the consequences to people and the environment are still largely unknown.\r\n\r\nScientists at the Stimson Center, a think tank focused on enhancing international peace, have been monitoring the impact of hydroelectric power projects on regional stability and the food and water security nexus.\r\n\r\n\u201cOur core message is that nonhydropower renewable energy, like solar and wind, can replace hydropower with far less disruption,\u201d said Brian Eyler, director, Southeast Asia Program at the Stimson Center. \u201cOur static map of Mekong mainstream dams is very popular for use in the media and for research presentations, but we realized that a static map didn\u2019t show the full picture.\u201d"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":419882,"image_position":"right","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"With support from the US Agency for International Development (USAID) and The Asia Foundation, a nonprofit international development organization, through the five-year USAID Mekong Safeguards program, Eyler and his team set out to create the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stimson.org\/2020\/mekong-infrastructure-tracker-tool\">Mekong Infrastructure Tracker<\/a>. It is a database of visual presentations, spatial analyses, and shared expertise. The dashboard was created using GIS, with help from Esri partner Blue Raster. The Mekong Infrastructure Tracker provides a single source of truth that allows stakeholders to communicate and compare development scenarios.\r\n\r\n\u201cIn addition to tracking dams, we had the idea to track solar projects after seeing a big uptick in the region in 2018,\u201d Eyler said. \u201cOur partners at USAID asked us if we\u2019d track all infrastructure in Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. It didn\u2019t take much consideration to jump at this opportunity because infrastructure is a hot issue in the Mekong region.\u201d\r\n\r\nThe tracker catalogs projects for power generation and industrial development as well as road, rail, and waterway transportation. It also includes tools to analyze and quantify the impacts of infrastructure projects.\r\n\r\nConstruction on the existing dams has already displaced thousands of people, immediately impacting some. River people, who subsist on fishing and riverbank agriculture, are feeling effects of the ecological damage to the ecosystems. In the village of Baan Huay Luek in northern Thailand, for example, villagers speak about how the dams have switched the rules of nature, with dry seasons no longer dry and wet seasons no longer wet.\r\n<h2>Mapping Mekong Infrastructure Development<\/h2>\r\nThe Mekong River has been deemed Southeast Asia\u2019s most important waterway, as it is central to the lives and livelihoods of millions of people and serves as a food source. The Mekong watershed is known as the \u201crice bowl\u201d of Asia, and 20 percent of the world\u2019s freshwater fish catch comes from its waters.\r\n\r\nTo date, governments and activists interested in Mekong watershed development have had to contend with the lack of information about or awareness of existing or planned projects."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":419862,"image_position":"left","orientation":"vertical","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"\u201cThis information is usually something that private sector organizations collect and then distribute only to their clients,\u201d said Regan Kwan, research associate at the Stimson Center and manager of the Mekong Infrastructure Tracker project. \u201cThrough GIS, we make the data available so that anyone can visualize it, analyze it, and contribute to it.\u201d\r\n\r\nThe Stimson Center works with a wide range of stakeholders on this and other projects, with an eye on community engagement and capacity building. The Mekong Infrastructure Tracker has drawn interest and participation from national development banks, government agencies, ministries, international nongovernmental organizations, local grassroots organizations, the private sector, academic researchers, and individuals.\r\n\r\n\u201cOur Stimson team is relatively small, and we\u2019re collecting thousands of data points,\u201d Kwan said. \u201cWe\u2019re bound to make some mistakes, skip things, or not see everything others are seeing. It\u2019s great to have others use our data, share their viewpoints, and fill in gaps.\u201d\r\n\r\nIn addition to serving as a single, accurate data source, the Mekong Infrastructure Tracker helps guide foreign policy and assess investment opportunities.\r\n\r\n\u201cHaving all this information transparently and freely available gives those looking to achieve a more sustainable future a resource to ask questions anytime they want,\u201d Eyler said. \u201cNo one has provided this depth of information before.\u201d\r\n<h2>Learning About Energy and Environment in the Mekong Region<\/h2>\r\nThe Stimson Center avoids advocacy, instead allowing partners to draw their own conclusions from the data. One such partner\u2014EarthRights International, based at the Mitharsuu Center in Chiang Mai, Thailand\u2014trains young activists on development issues, environmental impacts, and human rights law and policy. During a seven-month program called the EarthRights School, students take classes and learn to conduct research.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe\u2019ve been encouraging our students to use the Mekong Infrastructure Tracker to map out various projects in their home countries in order to support their advocacy,\u201d said William \u201cBJ\u201d Schulte, Mekong policy and legal adviser, EarthRights International. \u201cWe value the tracker as a strong tool that can support networks of activists and community leaders to address the regional energy strategy in the Mekong region, as we see a growing reliance on fossil fuels, especially coal.\u201d\r\n\r\nOne of the reasons fossil fuels are gaining interest in Cambodia, for example, is that existing dams haven\u2019t produced as much energy as predicted, largely due to an ongoing drought. Coal causes grave concern because it releases the most greenhouse gas of any fuel, and the hazardous waste by-product coal ash is hard to safely store.\r\n\r\n\u201cOne of our alumni alerted us to a coal-fired power plant that\u2019s going to be sited within [Preah Monivong] Bokor National Park,\u201d Schulte said. \u201cWe\u2019re working with local activists to understand the local impacts.\u201d\r\n\r\nEarthRights International has participated in adding data from communities to the Mekong Infrastructure Tracker to raise awareness about such projects.\r\n\r\n\u201cThe tracker gives us the ability to draw out where all the projects are and see how they impact each other,\u201d said Naing Htoo, Mekong program director at EarthRights International. \u201cWe use it to see the regional perspective, including the financiers behind the projects, which include a lot of cross-boundary investment.\u201d\r\n<h2>Gaining Geopolitical Awareness<\/h2>\r\nMany government leaders are seeing the Mekong Infrastructure Tracker data and getting a greater regional perspective.\r\n\r\n\u201cAt first, we had some anxiety about presenting our data to governments in the region, because satellite imagery and other forms of remote-sensing data are often seen with suspicion,\u201d Eyler said. \u201cWe found that data which shows the speed of change in the region and the ease of visualizing and analyzing the data appeases concerns. It was the first time they could see what\u2019s happening in other countries.\u201d"},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"China\u2019s ambitious Belt and Road Initiative, a massive infrastructure project that is planned to stretch from East Asia to Europe, plays a major role in much of this development. The Mekong Infrastructure Tracker promotes awareness of this and other development programs.\r\n\r\n\u201cThe data can be used to assess the geopolitics, seeing areas where China or other external investors from Japan, Korea, or the United States are more heavily invested,\u201d Eyler said. \u201cYou can see how many projects are planned and how many are moving forward. Knowing the gaps is really useful information.\u201d\r\n\r\nWith more infrastructure projects being planned, and with the rising risks due to climate change, EarthRights International workers are also seeing more negative impacts on indigenous people.\r\n\r\n\u201cDue to their locations, many of the large infrastructure projects disproportionately impact ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples,\u201d Schulte said. \u201cWhen they try to raise their voices, they are increasingly attacked or imprisoned, or even disappear. A lot of the fossil fuel projects are backed by powerful people with significant financial interests.\u201d\r\n<h2>Operationalizing Data Gathering and Shared Insights<\/h2>\r\nThe transparency of the Mekong Infrastructure Tracker\u2014along with the elements of citizen science that allow anyone to contribute\u2014is encouraging widespread participation from a diverse array of people. The Stimson Center takes a data-accurate and research-agnostic approach to the platform to engage participants and encourage dialogue. Administrators are driven to gather complete data and present the truth.\r\n\r\n\u201cIf anyone using our geodatabase realizes it differs from what they know about an infrastructure project, and they have sources to back it up, we provide an ArcGIS Survey123 form to fill in missing information,\u201d Kwan said. \u201cWe review it, and if it checks out, we make the update.\u201d\r\n\r\nThe Mekong Infrastructure Tracker has a Facebook group that participants use to drop links to news reports about infrastructure projects. If the news signals a new project, then it\u2019s added to the database. Any information about changing timelines or project details is noted. In addition, hackathons are held to fill in data gaps and correct inaccuracies."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":419872,"image_position":"right","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"The dashboard focuses on five main datasets for energy, transportation, and water infrastructure projects and has data about the surrounding environment and people, including ethnic groups. Data on energy projects\u2014including biomass, coal, gas, geothermal, hydro, mixed fossil fuel, nuclear, oil, solar, waste, and wind\u2014is curated along with transportation details on upgrades to canals, urban and high-speed railways, and national roads. The site also covers industrial development at airports, railway stations, and sea or inland ports, as well as special economic zones that provide investment incentives.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe work to ensure the data is accurate and complete,\u201d Eyler said. \u201cThe vision is to continue to provide a mix of technical and simple-to-use tools to analyze the data and improve decision-making in the region.\u201d\r\n\r\nThe Mekong Infrastructure Tracker database provides robust environmental and social impact indicator layers that allow anyone to see and study the risks and benefits of various development scenarios.\r\n\r\n\u201cA long-term goal is to create a scenario planning application which gives users a chance to generate their own investment scenarios and assess costs and benefits across a variety of indicators,\u201d Eyler said. \u201cUsers could compare scenarios and even take their scenarios to other policy makers and planners to talk through multiple development pathways and choose the most optimal for their own locality or for the region at large.\u201d"},{"acf_fc_layout":"sidebar","layout":"standard","image_reference":null,"image_reference_figure":"","spotlight_image":null,"section_title":"","spotlight_name":"","position":"Center","content":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Learn more about how <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/industries\/sustainability\/sustainable-development\/overview\">location intelligence guides sustainable development.<\/a><\/p>","snippet":""}],"references":null},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Mekong Infrastructure Tracker Provides a Regional Perspective on Sustainability | ArcNews | Spring 2021<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Scientists at the Stimson Center monitor the impact of hydroelectric power projects on the Mekong River in Asia.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, 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