{"id":767866,"date":"2025-08-14T16:46:35","date_gmt":"2025-08-14T23:46:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/?post_type=arcwatch&#038;p=767866"},"modified":"2025-08-22T09:59:39","modified_gmt":"2025-08-22T16:59:39","slug":"map-a-3-meter-hurricane-storm-surge","status":"publish","type":"arcwatch","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/arcwatch\/map-a-3-meter-hurricane-storm-surge","title":{"rendered":"Map a 3-Meter Hurricane Storm Surge"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":5342,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"sync_status":"","episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","castos_file_data":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[10412],"tags":[13612,165752,174372,493143],"arcwatch_issues":[493126],"class_list":["post-767866","arcwatch","type-arcwatch","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arcgis-pro","tag-flood-mapping","tag-hurricane","tag-hurricane-sandy","tag-storm-surge","arcwatch_issues-august-2025","arcwatch_sections-the-tip"],"acf":{"short_description":"Use elevation data in ArcGIS Pro to map storm surges and predict which areas will flood when a hurricane hits. ","pdf":{"host_remotely":false,"file":"","file_url":""},"flexible_content":[{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhc.noaa.gov\/surge\/\">storm surge<\/a> is an abnormal rise in sea level caused by the high winds and low pressure of a storm pushing water onto land. Storm surges are usually the most devastating part of a hurricane, and when such a surge floods a dense city, the destruction can be particularly severe.\r\n\r\nYou can use elevation data to map storm surges and predict which areas will flood when a dangerous hurricane hits. This tutorial focuses on New York City as a study area, but the same workflow can be repeated for any coastal area.\r\n<h3>Create a New Project and Obtain Elevation Data<\/h3>\r\nTo map any kind of flooding, you\u2019ll need to know the elevation of the land in your study area. <a href=\"https:\/\/livingatlas.arcgis.com\/\">ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World<\/a> provides the global elevation data needed to conduct your analysis. First, you\u2019ll create a project in ArcGIS Pro and acquire elevation data.\r\n\r\n1. Open ArcGIS Pro.\r\n\r\n2. On the start page and under <strong>New Project<\/strong>, click <strong>Map<\/strong>. The New Project window appears."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":767867,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"3. In the <strong>New Project<\/strong> window, type \u201cStormSurge\u201d for the <strong>NAME<\/strong> field click <strong>OK<\/strong>. The map will open.\r\n\r\n4. On the ribbon, click the <strong>Map<\/strong> tab. In the <strong>Inquiry<\/strong> group, click the <strong>Locate<\/strong> button."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":767868,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"5. In the Locate pane, type \u201cNew York City\u201d and press Enter. The map displays New York City.\r\n\r\nThe default Topographic basemap helps you identify the different areas of New York City."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":767870,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"6. Close the <strong>Locate<\/strong> pane."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":767871,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"7. Zoom in to Manhattan with the mouse and pan to obtain the extent displayed in the example image.\r\n\r\nThe extent shows the island of Manhattan and other New York City boroughs like Brooklyn and Queens. Next, you\u2019ll add the elevation data."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":767872,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"8. On the ribbon, click the <strong>View<\/strong> tab. In the <strong>Windows<\/strong> group, click <strong>Catalog Pane<\/strong>."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":767873,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"9. In the <strong>Catalog<\/strong> pane, click the <strong>Portal<\/strong> tab, and click the <strong>Living Atlas<\/strong> button.\r\n\r\nArcGIS Living Atlas of the World is a curated collection of geographic information, including maps, apps, and data layers."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":767874,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"10. In the <strong>Catalog<\/strong> pane, type \u201cTerrain owner:esri\u201d in the search box and press Enter.\r\n\r\nThe list of search results contains an imagery layer named <strong>Terrain<\/strong>. This layer provides elevation data for the entire world at different resolutions when zooming in and out."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":767875,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"11. Right-click the <strong>Terrain<\/strong> layer and choose <strong>Add To Current Map<\/strong>."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":767876,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"The layer is now added to the map. The map extent changes to show the raster layer that covers the entire world."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":767877,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"A raster layer is composed of a grid where each cell is called a pixel and has a numeric value. In the case of the Terrain layer, the value of each pixel represents elevation in meters. The pixels with the highest values appear in white. The pixels with the lowest values appear in dark gray or black.\r\n\r\n12. On the ribbon, click the <strong>Map<\/strong> tab, then click <strong>Previous Extent<\/strong> in the <strong>Navigate<\/strong> group to return the map extent to New York City."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":767878,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"The entire map appears black. This is because the elevation of New York is generally low when compared to the rest of the entire world. You\u2019ll change the display of the terrain layer to better see the differences in elevation in the New York City area.\r\n\r\n13. In the <strong>Contents<\/strong> pane, verify that the <strong>Terrain<\/strong> layer is selected."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":767879,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"14. On the ribbon, click the <strong>Image Service Layer<\/strong> tab. In the <strong>Rendering<\/strong> group, click <strong>DRA<\/strong>. (DRA stands for dynamic range adjustment.) In this mode, the color tones on the map are based on the range of values in the current map extent."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":767880,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"After a few moments, the map is updated. You can now visually discern the local variation in elevation values."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":767881,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"15, On the <strong>Quick Access toolbar<\/strong>, click the <strong>Save Project<\/strong> button."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":767882,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<h3>Export an Elevation Raster<\/h3>\r\nNext, you\u2019ll export a file-based raster from the Terrain imagery layer that only covers your area of interest to perform analysis with it.\r\n\r\n1. In the <strong>Contents<\/strong> pane, right-click the <strong>Terrain<\/strong> layer, point to <strong>Data<\/strong>, and choose <strong>Export Raster<\/strong>.\r\n\r\nThe Export Raster pane appears. You do not want to export a raster of the entire world, only for New York City."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":767883,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"2. Make sure your map is still centered on Manhattan. In the <strong>Export Raster<\/strong> pane, for <strong>Clipping Geometry<\/strong>, choose <strong>Current Display Extent<\/strong>.\r\n\r\nUnder <strong>Extent<\/strong>, the four coordinate values update. These define the bounding box that will be used to clip the raster.\r\n\r\n3. Under <strong>Cell Size<\/strong>, change both <strong>X<\/strong> and <strong>Y<\/strong> to 10. The cell size determines the resolution of the output raster.\r\n\r\nIn this case, each pixel will cover a piece of the earth that is 10 meters by 10 meters, or 100 square meters."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":767884,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"4. Accept all the other defaults and click <strong>Export<\/strong>.\r\n\r\nAfter a few moments, the new raster, <strong>Terrain.tif<\/strong>, is added to the map. It is drawn with tones ranging from black to white using DRA rendering similar to its source, the <strong>Terrain<\/strong> layer."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":767885,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"5. Close the Export Raster pane. You\u2019ll now remove the original worldwide Terrain layer, as it\u2019s no longer needed.\r\n\r\n6. In the <strong>Contents<\/strong> pane, right-click the <strong>Terrain<\/strong> layer and choose <strong>Remove<\/strong>.\r\n\r\nThe Terrain layer disappears from the Contents pane. Next, you\u2019ll check some of the elevation values on your map."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":767886,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"7. On the map, click anywhere within the <strong>Terrain.tif<\/strong> layer.\r\n\r\nThe <strong>Pop-up<\/strong> pane appears displaying the elevation value for the specific pixel you clicked\u2014for example, <strong>23.08<\/strong> meters."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":767887,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"8. Click several other points to see how the elevation varies across your area of study.\r\n\r\n9. Close the pop-up. Press Ctrl+S to save the project.\r\n<h3>Map a Three-Meter Surge<\/h3>\r\nNow that you have elevation data, you can use it to find low-lying coastal lands and predict which areas of New York City may flood when a hurricane hits. The following scenario shows when a hurricane produces a water surge of three meters (or 9.8 feet).\r\n\r\nConsidering that the water surrounding New York City sits at an elevation of zero meters, all the areas in the city that have an elevation of up to three meters would be flooded.\r\n\r\nTo find all areas with an elevation of three meters or below, you\u2019ll use the <strong>Remap<\/strong> tool applied to the <strong>Terrain.tif<\/strong> layer.\r\n\r\n1. On the ribbon, click the <strong>Analysis<\/strong> tab. In the <strong>Raster<\/strong> group, click <strong>Raster Functions<\/strong>. The <strong>Raster Functions<\/strong> pane appears."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":767888,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"2. In the <strong>Raster Functions<\/strong> pane, search for the <strong>Remap<\/strong> tool and open it. The Remap Properties pane appears. The Remap tool allows you to change or reclassify the pixel values of a raster and produce a new raster layer with the new values."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":767889,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"3. In the <strong>Remap Properties<\/strong> pane, click the <strong>Parameters<\/strong> tab, and for <strong>Raster<\/strong>, choose <strong>Terrain.tif<\/strong>. For <strong>Remap Definition Type<\/strong>, keep <strong>List<\/strong>."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":767890,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"In the <strong>Remap<\/strong> table, you\u2019ll define the reclassification rules. Based on the legend for the <strong>Terrain.tif<\/strong> layer in the <strong>Contents<\/strong> pane, you can see that the lowest value possible for that layer is about <strong>-22.9<\/strong> meters and the highest is about <strong>96.5<\/strong> meters."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":767891,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"4. In the <strong>Remap Properties<\/strong> pane, click the <strong>Remap<\/strong> table\u2019s row 1 cell for <strong>Minimum<\/strong>. Enter -23 (or another number lower than your minimum value) for <strong>Minimum<\/strong>, 3 for <strong>Maximum<\/strong>, and 1 for <strong>Output<\/strong>.\r\n\r\nThis rule means that any pixel with a value between -23 and 3 meters should get a value of 1 in the new raster. Those are the flooded areas."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":767892,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"5. For the second rule, click the star to create a new row. Then, in the cells of the new row, enter 3 for <strong>Minimum<\/strong>, and 97 (or another number higher than your maximum value) for <strong>Maximum<\/strong>. Leave 0 for <strong>Output<\/strong> and check the <strong>NoData<\/strong> check box.\r\n\r\nThis rule means that any pixel with a value between 3 and 97 meters should have no data. Those are the areas that are not flooded, which aren\u2019t needed, so they won\u2019t be represented with any data."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":767893,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"6. Click <strong>Create New Layer<\/strong>.\r\n\r\nA new layer, <strong>Remap_Terrain.tif<\/strong>, symbolized in gray, is added. You\u2019ll make some changes to the display to make the layer easier to see. First, you\u2019ll turn off the elevation layer.\r\n\r\n7. In the <strong>Contents<\/strong> pane, turn off the <strong>Terrain.tif<\/strong> layer by unchecking the Terrain.tif check box. You\u2019ll rename the new layer."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":767894,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"8. In the Contents pane, click the Remap_Terrain.tif layer name to select it, then click it again to enter the edit mode. Type \u201c<strong>Storm surge 3 m<\/strong>\u201d and press Enter.\r\n\r\nNext, you\u2019ll change the layer\u2019s symbology.\r\n\r\n9. Right-click the color ramp for the <strong>Storm surge 3 m<\/strong> layer, expand the drop-down list, and check <strong>Show Names<\/strong>. Scroll down the list of color ramps and choose the <strong>Red-Purple (Continuous)<\/strong> ramp."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":767895,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"Because the only pixel value in this raster is 1, only one median color from that ramp will be used. The layer changes to a uniform pink color. Next, you\u2019ll change the transparency.\r\n\r\n10. In the <strong>Contents<\/strong> pane, ensure that the <strong>Storm surge 3 m<\/strong> layer is selected. On the ribbon, click the <strong>Raster Layer<\/strong> tab. In the <strong>Effects<\/strong> group, set <strong>Transparency<\/strong> to <strong>40.0%<\/strong>."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":767896,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"The map now shows in light pink the areas of the city that may be flooded by a three-meter storm surge."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":767897,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"11. On the <strong>Raster Layer<\/strong> tab, click <strong>Swipe <\/strong>in the <strong>Compare<\/strong> group. The cursor changes to a triangle, which indicates the <strong>Swipe<\/strong> tool is active."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":767898,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"12. On the map, with the <strong>Swipe<\/strong> tool on, drag the map from side to side to reveal the basemap below and compare the flood areas to the preflood water boundaries.\r\n\r\nYou can also zoom in and pan to see in more detail which areas of Manhattan and surrounding neighborhoods appear flooded."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":767899,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"13. When you are done with your examination, go to the <strong>Map<\/strong> tab on the ribbon. In the <strong>Navigate<\/strong> group, click the <strong>Explore<\/strong> button to exit swipe mode. The cursor returns to its default symbol, indicating the swipe tool is no longer active."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":767900,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"Next, you\u2019ll compare your three-meter storm surge map to a map of actual flooding from Hurricane Sandy, which struck the Caribbean and the coastal mid-Atlantic region of the United States in late October 2012.\r\n\r\n14. On the <strong>Map<\/strong> tab, click <strong>Add Data <\/strong>in the <strong>Layer<\/strong> group. The <strong>Add Data<\/strong> window appears."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":767901,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"15. In the <strong>Add Data<\/strong> window, under <strong>Portal<\/strong>, click <strong>ArcGIS Online<\/strong>. In the search bar, type \u201c<strong>Hurricane Sandy Inundation Zone owner: Esri_Tutorials<\/strong>\u201d and press Enter. Click the feature layer <strong>Hurricane Sandy Inundation Zone<\/strong>."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":767902,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"16. Click OK.\r\n\r\nThe Hurricane Sandy Inundation Zone layer appears on the map. This feature layer comes from the <a href=\"https:\/\/opendata.cityofnewyork.us\/\">New York City Open Data portal<\/a> and displays the areas inundated in New York City during Hurricane Sandy."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":767903,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"17. In the <strong>Contents<\/strong> pane, if necessary, click the <strong>Hurricane Sandy<\/strong> layer to select it. On the ribbon, click the <strong>Group Layer<\/strong> tab. In the <strong>Compare<\/strong> group, click <strong>Swipe<\/strong>. Explore the map with the <strong>Swipe<\/strong> tool.\r\n\r\nHow well does your three-meter storm surge model match the real storm surge of Hurricane Sandy? The model is fairly close, but it looks like the overall surge from Hurricane Sandy was slightly larger than three meters.\r\n\r\n18. When you\u2019re done, go to the <strong>Map<\/strong> tab on the ribbon. In the <strong>Navigate<\/strong> group, click the <strong>Explore<\/strong> button to exit swipe mode. Press Ctrl+S to save the project.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nVisit the Esri <a href=\"https:\/\/learn.arcgis.com\/en\/gallery\/\">tutorial gallery<\/a> to explore additional topics and find other step-by-step workflows on a variety of products."}],"references":null},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Map a 3-Meter Hurricane Storm Surge<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Use elevation data in ArcGIS Pro to map storm surges and predict which areas will flood when a hurricane hits.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/arcwatch\/map-a-3-meter-hurricane-storm-surge\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" 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