{"id":313081,"date":"2020-03-04T06:15:04","date_gmt":"2020-03-04T14:15:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/?post_type=blog&#038;p=313081"},"modified":"2025-05-08T19:59:23","modified_gmt":"2025-05-09T02:59:23","slug":"mapping-apps-guide-demining-efforts","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/blog\/mapping-apps-guide-demining-efforts","title":{"rendered":"Remnants of War: Smart Maps Help Teams Locate and Remove Land Mines"},"author":941,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"sync_status":"","episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","castos_file_data":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[211],"tags":[426301,1311,911,426311],"industry":[],"esri-blog-category":[478762],"esri_blog_department":[478192],"class_list":["post-313081","blog","type-blog","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-public-safety","tag-demining","tag-field-work","tag-humanitarian-aid","tag-post-conflict","esri-blog-category-humanitarian-response","esri_blog_department-gis-for-good"],"acf":{"video_source":"","video_start":"","video_stop":"","short_description":"Norwegian People\u2019s Aid uses field apps, dogs, drones and detailed 3D maps to eliminate mines in post-conflict zones.","pdf":{"host_remotely":false,"file":"","file_url":""},"flexible_content":[{"acf_fc_layout":"sidebar","layout":"standard","image_reference":null,"image_reference_figure":"","spotlight_image":null,"section_title":"","spotlight_name":"","position":"Right","content":"Field tools have transformed demining workflows, adding efficiency, accuracy, and assurances that all mines have been removed.\r\n\r\nKey Takeaways\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Humanitarian organizations use GIS for the tricky and dangerous process of demining.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Mobile apps speed the demining process and enhance accuracy, a critical consideration when a wrong measurement could mean death.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Advancements in 3D GIS enhance situational awareness and improve the safety of demining efforts.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","snippet":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"Land mines maim and kill long after a conflict ends. Our world is filled with an estimated 110 million of these explosive devices concealed on or just below the ground. Some are the detritus of old wars and conflicts. They are still being used mainly by armed groups in conflicts around the world to obstruct mobility and protect borders. Others were planted more recently, as border demarcations, buffer zones, or tools of psychological terrorism and asymmetric warfare.\r\n\r\nRepresentatives from more than 100 countries have signed the Mine Ban Treaty over the last decade, calling for the removal of all landmines and disposal of\u00a0 millions of stockpiled devices. To reach this goal, demining teams will need engagement from many governments along with new technology and demining tools and experts trained in their use.\r\n\r\nCritically, the teams will also need to determine the exact location of every mine. In demining, a discrepancy of even an inch can be deadly.\r\n<h3><strong>The Struggle to Map Minefields<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nThe placement of minefields by national militaries over the last century, mostly for border protection, is often documented and formulaic. But non-state actors such as warlords, insurgents, and guerilla fighters, seeking to sow chaos or evoke fear, place land mines at random\u2014these areas present the biggest challenge to identify and to define the perimeter of dangerous areas.\r\n\r\n\u201cMost of the minefields we\u2019re dealing with, like in Angola, Cambodia, Iraq or Bosnia and Herzegovina, are literally unstructured,\u201d said Mohammad Qasim Hashimi, global information management adviser for Norwegian People\u2019s Aid (NPA). \u201cMines could be anywhere. There\u2019s no pattern as such and it is harder to identify exact scope of the problem.\u201d"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":313771,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"Demining is one of NPA\u2019s major activities internationally. In partnership with national mine action authorities and other organizations, NPA currently oversees nearly 2,000 people working in 24 countries. Since 1992, NPA has worked in a total of 49 countries and has been instrumental in helping countries fulfill their treaty obligations to remove the threat of landmines. During this span, NPA together with other mine action organizations have cleared all known minefields in 10 countries, most recently Mozambique.\r\n<h3><strong>Demining Toolbox and Technology<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nTo clear an area of landmines, NPA relies on several tools and techniques. In recent years, deminers have conscripted specially trained dogs that detect mines by scent. In areas where it\u2019s too hot for dogs to work, or around inaccessible terrain, aerial drones provide reconnaissance.\r\n\r\nNPA staff approach demining from what Hashimi calls an \u201cevidence-based\u201d perspective. Relying on sources as varied as local interviews and topographical analysis, deminers begin by constructing models of possibly contaminated areas. NPA documents the process via a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/what-is-gis\/overview\">geographic information system (GIS)<\/a>, software that organizes location-specific datasets and displays them on a smart map."},{"acf_fc_layout":"youtube","youtube_video_url":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/DDtmbWnBfno"},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"Hashimi has been using GIS for demining purposes for two decades, expanding its use as capabilities advance. Trained in computer science, a profession that uses GIS extensively, Hashimi employs a methodical approach to his job.\r\n\r\n\u201cMine action is about collecting relevant data from communities, processing data and making the right decision for your next move in the process,\u201d he said.\r\n<h3><strong>Getting the Story Straight<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nBefore NPA demining teams can remove mines, they use GIS maps to pull together all the collected data including historical and any accident points\u2014from interviewing local people, data gathered on site, and other research.\r\n\r\n\u201cBasically, GIS, helps us make the right decisions, based on evidence,\u201d Hashimi said. \u201cAnd to have that evidence, we need to know where we\u2019re going to start.\u201d"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":313121,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"Determining the starting point involves collecting, verifying, and visualizing physical location data. Demining experts begin by considering a small parcel of land. As information accumulates, the contamination model grows larger and more complex. The final action is removal of mines.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe\u2019re using GIS to demonstrate areas based on activities and results,\u201d Hashimi said, referring to areas that have been processed and eventually will be declared mine-free.\r\n\r\nFieldworkers use GIS apps to upload information from mobile devices into a central cloud-based database.\r\n\r\n\u201cGIS mobile apps have really transformed the way we collect data, and also the speed and sophistication of the efforts we do afterwards,\u201d Hashimi said. \u201cWe don\u2019t have to carry paper and pens anymore. In the past, there were problems of delay in data transmission from field to the base. You couldn\u2019t make instant decisions, because you couldn\u2019t see what was coming. Second, we had to have personnel ready as soon as the pile of questionnaires came in to start punching in the data to a database system. And the third challenge was suboptimal data quality, because when you start transferring data from paper to digital, there are always the possibility of errors.\u201d"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":313781,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"By syncing field data and running all input through GIS maps, the process guarantees uniformity and accuracy. In the past, if people were orienting themselves via different coordinate systems, the point of an exact location could vary and that can be disastrous.\r\n<h3><strong>Seeing Minefields in Perfect Detail<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nFor NPA, technology is fostering a better \u201cbig-picture\u201d approach to demining. Analysts can overlay different datasets pertaining to the same location\u2014a move that helps NPA staff with planning and prioritization.\r\n\r\n\u201cLet\u2019s say 10 irrigation systems need to be built in a province,\u201d Hashimi said. \u201cYou can overlay your information over the land mine contaminated polygons and see which information layer is overlapping. That minefield polygon that overlaps with the irrigation system becomes by default a priority area to be cleared first, and allows local or national authorities to plan ahead and see what needs to be cleared. Often national mine action authorities have sophisticated prioritization criterias with scoring that\u2019s relevant to the country context.\u201d"},{"acf_fc_layout":"gallery","gallery_images":[313161,313151,313141,313131,313761]},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"Working in concert with local governments, NPA teams share maps and location-based analyses to address areas that may contain mines and other explosive ordnance.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe have specific methodologies to define the scope of the problem,\u201d Hashimi said. \u201cAnd we have the tools and demining assets to deploy according to the context. Demining is very GIS-based, from the beginning of the activity surveying and marking until the land is cleared and handed back to communities for productive use.\u201d\r\n\r\n\u201cAs soon as you put data onto the map, it\u2019s not data anymore,\u201d he added. \u201cIt becomes information. GIS gives the data its meaning.\u201d\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLearn how Esri helps users <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/solutions\/industries\/sustainability\/humanitarian\">apply location intelligence to prioritize relief missions<\/a>."},{"acf_fc_layout":"sidebar","layout":"standard","image_reference":null,"image_reference_figure":"","spotlight_image":null,"section_title":"","spotlight_name":"","position":"Center","content":"<h2><strong>A Shared Map Prioritizes Demining Efforts<\/strong><\/h2>\r\nDemining efforts require maps\u2014the more detailed, the better (and safer). But what if the minefield includes the roadsides and sidewalks within a neighborhood and the interior of people\u2019s homes? That\u2019s the case with most of the recent conflicts in places like Syria, Libya, and Yemen, which have transpired primarily in urban areas.\r\n\r\nMines placed in an urban setting pose two main challenges for deminers. People understandably want to return to homes and businesses, placing a greater time pressure on deminers to clear areas quickly. The urban environment is also much more complex. Together, these factors have resulted in an uptick in land mine victims since 2013.\r\n\r\n\u201cThese areas present a whole new set of challenges for mine action, because the contamination is no longer just on the surface,\u201d said Olivier Cottray, head of information management for the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining (GICHD). \u201cThe contamination is now in 3D.\u201d\r\n\r\nDemining experts are exploring the 3D mapping capabilities of geographic information systems (GIS) to address this complexity and to help them in their race against time. 3D models can provide effective information management frameworks against which to map risk and monitor clearance progress. An app-based approach is also helping improve awareness and efficiency of deminers, and thus the safety and speed of demining.\r\n\r\nDevelopers at GICHD have built a suite of tools and apps to address complex demining workflows. This includes an app that engages everyone involved in the decontamination\u2014including residents\u2014to rank hazardous areas on the map. This consensus-building tool helps locals share and spread awareness about areas to prioritize for clearance. \u00a0This local knowledge sharing helps increase the impact of the demining activity while deminers methodically make their way through an urban setting.\r\n\r\n\u201cThe web apps have been a game changer,\u201d Cottray said. \u201cThey literally put GIS into the hands of decision-makers.\u201d","snippet":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"youtube","youtube_video_url":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/eT3ys_9ua4s"}],"references":null},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Remnants of War: Smart Maps Help Teams Locate and Remove Land Mines<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Norwegian People\u2019s Aid (NPA) uses GIS, mapping apps, and trained dogs to improve the accuracy and efficiency of demining efforts.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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