{"id":406152,"date":"2021-02-16T07:24:33","date_gmt":"2021-02-16T15:24:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/?post_type=blog&#038;p=406152"},"modified":"2024-05-10T14:28:15","modified_gmt":"2024-05-10T21:28:15","slug":"san-francisco-bay-adaptation","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/blog\/san-francisco-bay-adaptation","title":{"rendered":"How an Atlas of San Francisco Bay is Helping Deal with Sea Level Rise"},"author":841,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"sync_status":"","episode_type":"","audio_file":"","castos_file_data":"","podmotor_file_id":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[455201],"tags":[473392,455671,1441,1421],"industry":[],"esri-blog-category":[478662],"esri_blog_department":[478212],"class_list":["post-406152","blog","type-blog","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-a-climate-of-change","tag-30x30","tag-adaptation","tag-resilience","tag-sea-level-rise","esri-blog-category-sea-level-rise","esri_blog_department-resilience"],"acf":{"video_source":"","video_start":"","video_stop":"","short_description":"The San Francisco Estuary Institute\u2019s longtime use of GIS has built knowledge that guides daily operations and long-term resilience strategies.","pdf":{"host_remotely":false,"file":"","file_url":""},"flexible_content":[{"acf_fc_layout":"sidebar","layout":"standard","image_reference":null,"image_reference_figure":"","spotlight_image":null,"section_title":"","spotlight_name":"","position":"Right","content":"The San Francisco Estuary Institute has deployed GIS for much of its 40-year history to build a knowledge base about natural processes and nature-based solutions to create a resilient shoreline.\r\n\r\nKey Takeaways\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Scientists use GIS and imagery to study natural systems for climate adaptation plans.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Management practices have evolved to adopt living shoreline approaches with nature-based strategies.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Adaptation Atlas<\/em> captures a mix of data to inspire policy and best practices for engineering with nature.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","snippet":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"Recent flooding along one of America's great estuaries\u2014the San Francisco Bay\u2014is prompting local groups to take action against further <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/about\/climate-action\/overview\">climate risk<\/a>.\r\n\r\nThe San Francisco Bay Trail provides more than 350 miles of walking and cycling path through the 47 cities and nine counties that ring the San Francisco Bay, and acts as a popular viewing platform for tide cycles and abundant wildlife. Because it sits at the wetland-urban interface, the trail is extremely vulnerable to sea-level rise.\r\n\r\n\u201cIn the San Francisco Bay, we have a long history of wetlands and ecosystem restoration for habitat conservation,\u201d said Julie Beagle, former senior scientist in the\u00a0Resilient Landscapes Program at the San Francisco Estuary Institute (SFEI).\r\n\r\nTo understand the Bay Trail\u2019s vulnerability and determine ways to mitigate flood damage, planners with the East Bay Regional Park District are using SFEI\u2019s <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sfei.org\/adaptationatlas\">San Francisco Bay Shoreline Adaptation Atlas<\/a><\/em>, created by Beagle and her colleagues. The atlas serves as a science-based framework for developing adaptation strategies specific to the area\u2019s diverse shoreline and that take advantage of natural processes.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe started to get calls from regulatory agencies dealing with proposals for horizontal levees and beaches\u2014all kinds of new living shoreline ideas,\u201d Beagle said. \u201cThe regulatory environment, which protects the bay, has historically prohibited the use of sediment to fill in the bay, and there was no science or regulatory guidance on how to soften the shoreline to deal with sea-level rise.\u201d"},{"acf_fc_layout":"gallery","gallery_images":[406322,406332,406292]},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"The standard method has been to harden the shoreline using riprap and concrete seawalls. Beagle and her team at SFEI set out to share methods and introduce <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/industries\/green-infrastructure\/overview\">green infrastructure<\/a> into the region\u2019s shoreline management practices.\r\n<h3><strong>Starting with Location Awareness<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nFor much of its 40-year history, SFEI has used a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/what-is-gis\/overview\">geographic information system (GIS)<\/a> to compile information about the estuary\u2019s chemical, physical, and biological health. GIS also guides SFEI\u2019s mitigation strategies and actions.\r\n\r\nWetland loss continues to be a priority for the San Francisco Bay because an estimated 80 percent of marshes and mudflats no longer exist,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/resources.ca.gov\/CNRALegacyFiles\/docs\/SOSW_report_with_cover_memo_10182010.pdf\">according to the California Natural Resources Agency<\/a>. This loss eliminated wildlife habitat and storm-buffering capacity, which will be vital as storm intensity increases and seas rise. In 2016, voters in the nine Bay Area counties approved a bond measure to provide $500 million over 20 years for wetland restoration. In some areas of the bay, restoration will suffice, but others will require hard infrastructure such as armoring the shoreline and raising levees.\r\n\r\n\u201cThere are a lot of big questions, and we used GIS to look at the historical knowledge about the bay to determine what makes sense geomorphically,\u201d Beagle said. \u201cAfter Hurricane Sandy, there were a lot of images of marshes being built at the bottom of Manhattan when we know there\u2019s really deep water there with high wave energy\u2014that\u2019s not going to work, and it won\u2019t last. We spent five years on the atlas to show the best types of projects for the physical conditions in each place.\u201d"},{"acf_fc_layout":"gallery","gallery_images":[406382,406372,406402,406442]},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"Beagle also hopes that use of the <em>Adaptation Atlas<\/em> will help instill a regional approach spanning all shoreline jurisdictions including cities, counties, wastewater treatment plants, highways, and private landowners.\r\n\r\n\u201cIt's about collaborative planning and collaborative science for resilience,\u201d Beagle said. \u201cIf each entity is just going to plan for its own piece of shoreline, it's not going to be effective, it won't be resilient, and it doesn't have any ecological benefit. The poorest communities get left behind, and the richest communities pay to build themselves out of sea-level rise. That's what we see happening right now.\u201d\r\n\r\nIn addition to the equity issues Beagle raises, there is also the simple fact that nature does not operate according to jurisdictional boundaries or the built environment.\r\n\r\n\u201cThe idea is to capture the processes of watersheds, creeks, and the shoreline to plan holistically,\u201d Beagle said. \u201cAnother way to think about it is nature\u2019s jurisdictions.\u201d"},{"acf_fc_layout":"sidebar","layout":"standard","image_reference":null,"image_reference_figure":"","spotlight_image":null,"section_title":"","spotlight_name":"","position":"Center","content":"<h2><strong>30x30 Sets Conservation and Biodiversity Goals<\/strong><\/h2>\r\nA growing number of governments have pledged to conserve 30 percent of land and coastal waters by 2030 to address ecosystem degradation and mass extinction.\r\n\r\nIn California, Governor Gavin Newsom signed an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.ca.gov\/2020\/09\/23\/governor-newsom-announces-california-will-phase-out-gasoline-powered-cars-drastically-reduce-demand-for-fossil-fuel-in-californias-fight-against-climate-change\/\">executive order<\/a> in October 2020, enlisting the state\u2019s vast network of natural and working lands\u2014forests, rangelands, farms, wetlands, coast, deserts, and urban greenspaces\u2014in the fight against climate change.\r\n\r\nGIS is a core technology in this evidence-based plan, which includes the formation of the <a href=\"http:\/\/biodiversity.ca.gov\/\">California Biodiversity Collaborative<\/a> and an upcoming Natural and Working Lands Climate Smart Strategy to guide climate action in California.\r\n\r\nThis effort will also create a geographic information system called CA Nature to integrate data, build a shared understanding of the natural world, establish a baseline to gauge 30x30 progress, and identify conservation opportunities. Plans will honor the sovereignty of tribal nations and aim to ensure equitable distribution of nature\u2019s benefits to communities of color and\u00a0low-income communities.","snippet":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<h3><strong>Imagery Deepens Understanding<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nSFEI collects many layers of information about the bay, estuary, and watersheds, and it acts as a state spatial data center. All bay restoration projects are entered into SFEI\u2019s <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecoatlas.org\/about\/#about\">EcoAtlas<\/a><\/em> to be tracked over time by regulatory agencies monitoring compliance. SFEI purchases aerial and lidar imagery to monitor change and accurately measure elevations. For more thorough or immediate imagery analysis, the institute deploys drones to key areas of interest.\r\n\r\n\u201cWith the drone, we\u2019re able to survey right after a storm or return at the right time of year to see what\u2019s changing,\u201d said Pete Kauhanen, GIS manager and drone expert at SFEI.\r\n\r\nThe flexibility of the drone platform allows SFEI to monitor sediment volumes in stream channels and tidal marshes, monitor restoration sites, and capture harmful algal blooms. SFEI also uses drone imagery and a sophisticated machine learning algorithm to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/lg\/product\/sfei-case-study\">count and monitor trash<\/a>.\r\n\r\nMany of the drone missions fulfill multiple objectives.\r\n\r\n\u201cFlying over the Corte Madera Marsh allows us to see patterns of erosion or progradation of the marsh edge, and at the same time we can see the state of trash in the marsh,\u201d said Tony Hale, program director of the Environmental Informatics Program at SFEI. \u201cWe\u2019re able to look at both the built environment and the natural environment and will continue to look back at the record to what has changed.\u201d"},{"acf_fc_layout":"gallery","gallery_images":[406462,406352,406342,406302]},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"SFEI\u2019s drone team also assisted with the institute\u2019s Resilient Landscapes Program in quantifying the impact of winter storms. High-resolution drone imagery and tools that automatically calculate volume provided an accurate measure of sediment and its movement. The Resilient Landscapes team analyzed the imagery to identify erosion and the surge channels that have eaten away the marsh. The work also captured an area with a degrading levee that caused the beneficial expansion of a mudflat.\r\n\r\nBy using imagery to observe and analyze natural processes, SFEI teams can guide strategy and measure the performance of different management practices.\r\n\r\n\u201cImagery also helps us gauge the amount of sediment that we need to supply the marshes so they can keep up with climate change,\u201d Hale said.\r\n<h3><strong>Accommodating Differences<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nThe Bay Area is home to a broad diversity of people, topography, tidal patterns, and microclimates. Strategies that work in one city for one stretch of shoreline may not work in a neighboring city. The <em>Adaptation Atlas<\/em> took the approach of cataloging and describing the 30 distinct operational land units of San Francisco Bay\u2019s 400-mile shoreline.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe look at what makes sense for the land use that\u2019s existing and for what could be there in the future,\u201d Beagle said. \u201cThe <em>Adaptation Atlas<\/em> gives us a framework within which we can work using operational landscape units that are based on our understanding of the underlying geology and geomorphology.\u201d\r\n\r\nModeling the processes at play helps SFEI tackle the bigger question of how to improve <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/about\/climate-action\/overview\/climate-risk-management\">climate resilience<\/a> while maintaining functional ecological and hydrologic systems.\r\n\r\n\u201cBy using big spatial metrics, we work to understand how high and wide certain features need to be to knock down waves in each location,\u201d Beagle said. That knowledge is then modeled against sea-level rise projections to devise adaptation strategies.\r\n<h3><strong>From Cleaner to Climate Ready<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nFrom the 1850s to the 1960s, the San Francisco Bay was often filled in to create land for housing and infrastructure. A lot of homes sit on land that\u2019s built from artificial fill, which poses its own problems in this earthquake-prone area. Wreckage from the catastrophic 1906 earthquake was simply dumped into the bay and surrounding marshland. Some homes even sit on former garbage dumps as there have been many open landfills surrounding the bay.\r\n\r\n\u201cThey used to talk about how bad the bay smelled,\u201d Beagle said. \u201cThen with the environmental movement and changes in laws, you could no longer fill the bay, and we began cleaning it up.\u201d\r\n\r\nWhile nobody can yet claim that the bay is clean, years of remediation have improved water quality and restored vital habitat.\r\n\r\n\u201cNow, it\u2019s less about fixing the problems of the past and more about how we prepare ourselves for the future,\u201d Beagle said. \u201cWe don\u2019t want to wind up with seawalls everywhere. It\u2019s about how to have a shoreline that's still ecologically functioning, accessible to people, and equitable.\u201d\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nRead more about how <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/industries\/green-infrastructure\/overview\">building green infrastructure provides a framework for sustainable growth<\/a>."},{"acf_fc_layout":"sidebar","layout":"standard","image_reference":null,"image_reference_figure":"","spotlight_image":null,"section_title":"","spotlight_name":"","position":"Center","content":"<h2><strong>A Journey Upstream and Down<\/strong><\/h2>\r\nThe interview with Julie Beagle, senior scientist at the San Francisco Estuary Institute took place on her last day at the organization. It was good timing to reflect on the knowledge she had gained and how increased understanding led her to tackle a broader mission.\r\n\r\n\u201cI was a field scientist for years, where I would focus on minuscule details like the bank stratigraphy, the size of rocks, the channel, and fish habitat,\u201d Beagle said. \u201cWhenever there was a storm, I would get up in the middle of the night and go out and monitor how much sediment was mobilized and coming down the channels as the creek rose and fell. I moved my way downstream to the bay and then turned around and looked upstream at the processes that influence what happens down here.\u201d\r\n\r\nBeagle\u2019s work evolved to take on a holistic focus with an eye on ecosystem services and natural processes. Now, climate change has become a dominant theme. She recently started a new job with the US Army Corps of Engineers.\r\n\r\n\u201cI\u2019ve been asked to lead a team that does environmental planning for projects along the shoreline,\u201d Beagle said. \u201cI feel like I\u2019ve been advocating from the outside, showing what could be done to be more resilient. Now I\u2019m hoping to have a larger impact on how and where we build the infrastructure we need to protect and adapt our regions to climate change.\u201d\r\n\r\nOne strategy high on Beagle\u2019s list is managed retreat, with buyouts and changes in zoning for areas that will soon be constantly underwater.\r\n\r\n\u201cI actually wake up at night thinking about what to do with all the people in the whole country that will need to move,\u201d Beagle said. \u201cHow are we going to make sure that we don\u2019t tank the economics of communities that live below sea level?\u201d","snippet":""}],"references":null},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How an Atlas of San Francisco Bay is Helping Deal with Sea Level Rise<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The San Francisco Bay Shoreline Adaptation Atlas details distinct strategies to mitigate sea level rise to 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She works to strengthen the scientific foundation for the company\u2019s products and services. Notably, Dawn led the team that created the Ecological Marine Units (EMUs), a 3D digital ocean that creates better understanding of marine environments and how to plan for more sustainable activities there in the wake of climate change. Dawn joined Esri in 2011, and has written and contributed to some of the most definitive literature on marine geographic information system (GIS) technology. An elected member of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering, as well as the American Academy of Arts &amp; Sciences, she earned her doctorate in Physical Geography and Marine Geology from UC Santa Barbara. 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