{"id":426122,"date":"2021-04-22T06:49:11","date_gmt":"2021-04-22T13:49:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/?post_type=blog&#038;p=426122"},"modified":"2023-12-07T14:39:43","modified_gmt":"2023-12-07T22:39:43","slug":"map-reveals-british-columbia-old-growth-forests","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/blog\/map-reveals-british-columbia-old-growth-forests","title":{"rendered":"If Our Forests Could Talk: New Maps Spotlight Forestry Concerns in Canada"},"author":871,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"sync_status":"","episode_type":"","audio_file":"","castos_file_data":"","podmotor_file_id":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[455201,422802],"tags":[473392,162582,165872,474122,474132],"industry":[],"esri-blog-category":[478382],"esri_blog_department":[478182],"class_list":["post-426122","blog","type-blog","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-a-climate-of-change","category-conservation","tag-30x30","tag-forestry","tag-forests","tag-map-activism","tag-old-growth","esri-blog-category-forestry","esri_blog_department-natural-resources"],"acf":{"video_source":"","video_start":"","video_stop":"","short_description":"When Conservation North saw a report of old-growth forest in British Columbia, the group knew an online map was needed to activate conservation.","pdf":{"host_remotely":false,"file":"","file_url":""},"flexible_content":[{"acf_fc_layout":"sidebar","layout":"standard","image_reference":null,"image_reference_figure":"","spotlight_image":null,"section_title":"","spotlight_name":"","position":"Right","content":"Conservation North knew the impacts on the land and used a map to show the world honestly and transparently.\r\n\r\nKey Takeaways\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>GIS layers from multiple sources combined to reveal logging activities in British Columbia.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Conservation North\u2019s interactive map proved popular and controversial.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Map generates greater dialogue on biodiversity and draws focus to forest conservation efforts.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","snippet":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"Researchers upended much of what people thought they knew about forests when they discovered that subterranean networks of fungi actually help trees communicate and cooperate. The symbiotic relationship was first observed when fungi were found to be helping trees transport water and nutrients. Then researchers saw that the fungal threads connecting all trees carry alarm signals and even hormones from tree to tree. With greater awareness of forest interconnectedness\u2014and a realization that old-growth forests are healthier and more tolerant of climatic stress\u2014many industry leaders are rethinking forest practices."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":427942,"image_position":"right","orientation":"vertical","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"There's growing consensus that it makes much less sense to clear-cut a primary forest\u2014one made naturally and existing for ages. Nor is it prudent to plant only a monoculture species of a tree because growth slows when old forests are replaced by plantations. As tree planting operations commence on a massive scale around the world, scientists are more certain that natural forests can better support our planet through carbon storage and sequestration.\r\n\r\nFor advocates in British Columbia\u2014where the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2020\/12\/02\/magazine\/tree-communication-mycorrhiza.html\">awareness of fungal forest communication<\/a>\u00a0first took hold\u2014government policies and industrial practices aren\u2019t changing quickly enough. Volunteers with Conservation North work to protect wild plants, animals, and their habitat in the north of the province. When they learned the locations of primary forests, they shared an interactive map with the intent to preserve them or at least drive awareness of their critical status.\r\n\r\nThe Seeing Red map, created by importing logging data into a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/what-is-gis\/overview\">geographic information system (GIS)<\/a>, reveals that very few primary forests remain. Many areas have been disturbed by industrial logging, noted in red on the map, while shades of green show the untouched forest.\r\n\r\n\u201cWhat shows up as red are the human-created landscapes\u2014industrially managed areas,\u201d said Michelle Connolly, director of Conservation North. \u201cThe government and industry like to say how sustainable forest management is in BC, and meanwhile, the evidence points otherwise, including the fact that the iconic mountain caribou are basically in an extinction vortex. We\u2019re grateful for this tool because it really communicates something completely different from what we\u2019ve been hearing.\u201d"},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<h3><strong>Getting beyond All-Green Images<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nTo build its interactive map, the team at Conservation North gathered GIS layers from the BC Data Catalogue, the BC Oil and Gas Commission Resource Centre portal, and Canada\u2019s National Forest Information System. A <a href=\"https:\/\/veridianecological.files.wordpress.com\/2020\/05\/bcs-old-growth-forest-report-web.pdf\">report on old growth forests<\/a> prepared by scientists served as an impetus.\r\n\r\n\u201cThe report was a pioneering effort to look at old growth from a provincial perspective that only included tiny static maps, and we wanted to have something we could zoom into,\u201d Connolly said. \u201cBoth our Seeing Red map and Old-Growth map use the report\u2019s methodology, and the scientists who wrote the report have reviewed and approve of our maps.\u2014we\u2019re proud that they told us the maps are solid and defensible.\u201d\r\n\r\nThe Conservation North team knew it was important to be accurate in their scientific inquiry and mapping because they knew the data revelation would stir emotions. The maps contained indisputable visual evidence many people were unprepared to accept.\r\n\r\n\u201cI heard from a critic the other day claiming that we could have just used Google Earth or satellite imagery to show the forestry impacts,\u201d Connolly said. \u201cThat doesn\u2019t work though, because all the land will look green if it\u2019s grown back. We really needed GIS to look at the cumulative impact of industrial logging and roads.\u201d"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":426292,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":"https:\/\/consnorth.maps.arcgis.com\/apps\/webappviewer\/index.html?id=d1620f43f9084a99a4921e5e8b9b98dd"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":426302,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":"https:\/\/consnorth.maps.arcgis.com\/apps\/webappviewer\/index.html?id=bf8a520118144cceb07de2f74bfd5c65"},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"Much of the historical logging that took place in the Pacific Northwest was fairly low impact until clear-cutting became the standard practice. The maps detail the more recent story.\r\n\r\n\u201cMost of what you see on our maps are the result of modern industrial activity over the last 60 or 70 years,\u201d Connolly said. \u201cOur maps are actually an overestimation of what\u2019s natural because they don\u2019t show all of the historical logging.\u201d\r\n\r\nWhile showing the current state of forests in the region, Connolly and her team also wanted the project to help quantify the value of the primary forest and identify where old growth can be saved.\r\n\r\n\u201cThe exercise started because we needed a conservation planning tool,\u201d Connolly said. \u201cWe spend a lot of time in the field, witnessing the impacts of industrial forestry. We wanted to know where the largest intact areas are. We could figure that out partly by hiking into these areas, but we needed the perspective only a map could provide.\u201d\r\n\r\nThe Seeing Red map and Old-Growth map may now be more crucial to the region\u2019s conservation efforts. In 2020, the BC government placed an emphasis on wood pellets\u2014a biomass fuel burned for heating or electricity\u2014but didn\u2019t specify that the fuels should come from second growth forests.\r\n\r\n\u201cAll forests may now be on the chopping block, and this is terrifying,\u201d Connolly said."},{"acf_fc_layout":"gallery","gallery_images":[426182,426192]},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<h3><strong>Avoiding Industrial Harm<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nConservation North calls itself biocentric\u2014valuing nature for its own sake\u2014with the conviction that by just being in a natural setting, people reap therapeutic benefits.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe recognize that people derive a lot of really important things from forests,\u201d Connolly said. \u201cBut products should not come from primary forests. They should come from previously logged areas. Sometimes people call this second growth.\u201d\r\n\r\nIn the group\u2019s primary focus area in northern BC, they found three valleys still intact and several more pockets across the landscape they feel are important to protect.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe know that the biggest, oldest trees are at the most risk from logging, and we\u2019ve heard that the forest companies have been using lidar to identify all the remaining old-growth forest in the Robson Valley, which is just east of here,\u201d Connolly said. \u201cThe motivation for our map is to change policy and protect these places for the long term.\u201d\r\n\r\nConservation North is focusing on the region known as Ltha Koh in the local language of the Dakelh people, which translates to Big Mouth River. This apt description covers an area that sits at the headwaters of the Fraser River, one of the longest river systems in the world.\r\n\r\n\u201cThe Fraser River is a wild river, it\u2019s never been dammed,\u201d Connolly said. \u201cLtha Koh is a critical opportunity for protection.\u201d\r\n<h3><strong>Looking for Biodiversity Returns<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nThe volunteers with Conservation North hope their maps can change mindsets to foster broader conservation efforts and inspire industry or government leaders to reconsider approaches to forestry.\r\n\r\n\u201cThere\u2019s a pervasive belief within professional forestry that nature needs our help and that humans need to intervene to manage forests,\u201d Connolly said. \u201cThe map challenges that belief system by showing unmanaged forests as having value on their own. Some places ought to be left alone.\u201d"},{"acf_fc_layout":"gallery","gallery_images":[426212,426162,426152,426202,427822]},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"Much of the local industrial pressure in old-growth forests calls for large spruce trees to be harvested as lumber. While the team at Conservation North works to salvage the region\u2019s biodiversity, they worry about losing plants and animals that can\u2019t be replaced if ecosystems continue to degrade.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe don\u2019t have the towering coastal trees like Vancouver Island and California. We do have a natural rain forest in the interior, and our group was focused on that ecosystem, but we\u2019ve realized that everything is under threat,\u201d Connolly said. \u201cWe know that wildlife populations are collapsing across Canada. I\u2019ve spoken with wildlife biologists who tell me that every species we\u2019re bothering to measure is in decline.\u201d\r\n<h3><strong>Energizing Further Forest Activism<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nPublic awareness of the biodiversity problem has been growing. And when Conservation North\u2019s Seeing Red map was released, it drew a lot of attention.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe knew at an intuitive level that industrialization has had a massive impact on the land in BC, but we didn\u2019t have a way to see it or communicate it,\u201d Connolly said. \u201cUntil we did this, no one had a bird's-eye view of just what is left of natural forest in BC.\u201d\r\n\r\nPeople and groups from across the province got in touch to express their appreciation for the map.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe heard from community groups and First Nations communities who said the map had a real impact on their work because now they realize what they need to protect,\u201d Connolly said. \u201cWe\u2019re all coming from the perspective that what\u2019s already been harmed should be where we harvest, keeping our footprint to those areas and leaving natural areas alone.\u201d\r\n\r\nSuzanne Simard is the scientist at the University of British Columbia whose PhD thesis vaulted into the prestigious <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/41426\">journal <em>Nature <\/em>in 1997<\/a>, because her research \u201cshows unequivocally that considerable amounts of carbon\u2014the energy currency of all ecosystems\u2014can flow from tree to tree, indeed, from species to species, in a temperate forest.\u201d\u00a0Connolly took Simard\u2019s forest ecology course as an undergraduate, and like most who learn of the language of trees, it changed how she looks at the forest.\r\n\r\nSimard\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/forestry.ubc.ca\/faculty-profile\/suzanne-simard\/\">work to understand forests continues<\/a>, with a growing focus on resilience and adaptation to climate change. To advance this work for the health of forests and the planet, primary forests must first be preserved. That\u2019s where the mapping work of Conservation North could be pivotal\u2014showing where to harvest, protect, and renew\u2014to promote greater carbon capture and biodiversity for both flora and fauna.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDiscover other ways <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/industries\/sustainability\/conservation\/overview\">GIS is applied to respond to ecological crises<\/a>."}],"references":null},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>If Our Forests Could Talk: Maps Spotlight Forestry Concerns in Canada<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"When Conservation North saw a report of old growth forest in British Columbia, they knew an online map could convey its conservation value.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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