{"id":427402,"date":"2021-04-27T06:06:08","date_gmt":"2021-04-27T13:06:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/?post_type=blog&#038;p=427402"},"modified":"2024-03-12T11:59:11","modified_gmt":"2024-03-12T18:59:11","slug":"prague-extreme-heat-spurs-climate-action","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/blog\/prague-extreme-heat-spurs-climate-action","title":{"rendered":"Prague: Extreme-Heat Events Spur Climate Action, Using Geospatial Tech"},"author":7432,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"sync_status":"","episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","castos_file_data":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[455201],"tags":[26512,455661,474182,961],"industry":[],"esri-blog-category":[478632],"esri_blog_department":[478212],"class_list":["post-427402","blog","type-blog","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-a-climate-of-change","tag-climate-change","tag-mitigation","tag-prague","tag-spatial-analysis","esri-blog-category-extreme-heat","esri_blog_department-resilience"],"acf":{"video_source":"","video_start":"","video_stop":"","short_description":"Prague planners use modern mapping tools to assess vulnerability to climate change, and to mitigate against extreme heat events.","pdf":{"host_remotely":false,"file":"","file_url":""},"flexible_content":[{"acf_fc_layout":"sidebar","layout":"standard","image_reference":null,"image_reference_figure":"","spotlight_image":null,"section_title":"","spotlight_name":"","position":"Right","content":"Prague planners use GIS for all scales of extreme heat exploration, from the micro to the macro, to know where to respond and to develop mitigation strategies.\r\n\r\nKey Takeaways\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Prague is among the first cities to implement climate adaptation strategies in the Czech Republic.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Prague planners use GIS to understand where to act.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Planners will deploy simulation tools to address climate adaptation for a large redevelopment project.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","snippet":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"The Prague Daily Monitor featured this headline in early July 2015: \"Extreme Heat Wave Has Hit Czech Republic.\" The story said currents of hot air moving from Africa were driving up temperatures across Europe. It was the first of four heat waves to blast the Czech Republic in 2015. More than half of the days in July and August that year recorded extreme temperatures, breaking a record set in the country during a similar string of heat waves in 1994.\r\n\r\nTwo years after the 2015 heat waves, the City of Prague, the country\u2019s capital, issued a document that outlined <a href=\"https:\/\/adaptacepraha.cz\/en\/implementation-plan-2020-2024\/\">a four-year plan<\/a>, beginning in 2020, to \u201cenhance long-term resilience and reduce vulnerability to climate change.\u201d To meet these objectives, officials from the Prague Institute of Planning and Development (IPR Prague) have adopted a big data approach. They make extensive use of a geographic information system (GIS), which allows them to understand how Prague is reacting to the climate crisis in the present while also devising ways to meet the climate-related challenges of the 21<sup>st<\/sup> century and beyond. GIS allows IPR Prague to view and analyze the city in both its street-level granularity and its bird\u2019s-eye view totality.\r\n\r\nPrague is particularly vulnerable to extreme heat. Compared to other European cities, it has more paved spaces, built-up areas, and industrial infrastructure\u2014the kind of spaces that can create what are called heat islands. But Prague also contains a significant amount of green space and vegetation, the kind of areas that can offer respite from the heat. From a planning perspective, this tapestry of extremes presents a challenge, a puzzle to be solved so that Prague residents are equipped to deal with global warming.\r\n<h3><strong>Cities Lead the Way<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nWhen we think of humanity adapting to climate change, we tend to focus on the precarity of coastal communities dealing with sea-level rise. The truth is that large cities\u2014even those that are landlocked \u2014are on the front lines of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/about\/climate-action\/overview\">climate change adaptation<\/a>.\r\n\r\nThe large conglomerations of people and human development exacerbates the effects of rising temperatures. The economic and social diversity of cities means that certain communities feel the effects more than others. The sheer enormity of a city means these effects are themselves diverse, varying widely throughout the city."},{"acf_fc_layout":"gallery","gallery_images":[427472,427462,427442,427452]},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"For these reasons, cities are increasingly taking proactive approaches to climate change that supersede national policies. In 2018, the Czech government declared that climate change mitigation would be a national priority, a year after Prague released its strategy document.\r\n\r\n\u201cFor the Czech government, it\u2019s always seemed like more theory than practice,\u201d said Ji\u0159\u00ed \u010ctyrok\u00fd, director of spatial information at IPR Prague. \u201cWhat Prague is doing fulfills the criteria of the national government, but goes much further. We have an implementation strategy with really ambitious goals, including making Prague completely carbon neutral by 2050.\u201d"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":427712,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<h3><strong>Mapping Vulnerability<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nKey to this strategy is a commitment to leverage data in a way that helps IPR Prague understand how climate change currently affects Prague, how these effects will evolve over time, and how to best develop the city to meet these challenges.\r\n\r\nSensors throughout the city measure variables like temperature fluctuation, solar radiation, and humidity. \u201cThere are more droughts, less precipitation, and more tropical temperatures than ever before,\u201d \u010ctyrok\u00fd said. \u201cIt makes the city streets and public spaces less livable and more stressful for people.\u201d\r\n\r\nBut which streets and spaces? Which people?\r\n\r\nIPR Prague integrates information from the environmental sensors with health and demographic data. For instance, IPR staff can see heavy concentrations of young children and the elderly\u2014two populations at increased risk from high temperatures.\r\n\r\nA <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5750980\/#:~:text=A%20total%20of%2049%20heat,per%20year%20(Table%201).&amp;text=The%20mean%20relative%20rise%20in,30%25%20on%20the%20hottest%20days.\">study<\/a> that compared the heat waves of 1994 and 2015 found that during the summer of 1994, mortality rates among the elderly increased at about the same rate as younger populations\u2014yet, in 2015, they were significantly higher. The theory behind this shift is that positive socioeconomic changes since 1989\u2019s Velvet Revolution had made those who were aged 64 years and under \u201cless vulnerable to heat stress over time.\u201d\r\n\r\nBut during the same 21-year period, the country\u2019s over-65 population increased. They were, as a group, still very vulnerable to heat waves, and their greater number counteracted the gains made by younger groups. On balance, they were the reason the total mortality impact of the 2015 heat waves was greater than it had been in 1994.\r\n\r\nGIS provides a way to visualize\u2014and therefore contextualize\u2014these statistics. Demographics and other human population data become layers on a smart map. The layers can be set against environmental features of the city, offering graphic representation of how the city and its populations interact."},{"acf_fc_layout":"gallery","gallery_images":[428322,428332,428342]},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"This effort grew out of requests from Prague officials for IPR Prague to devise a way to rate the viability of future projects. \u201cWe were asked to develop an aggregated map that showed the best areas to expend effort and money,\u201d \u010ctyrok\u00fd said. \u201cThat was the beginning of our vulnerability index.\u201d\r\n\r\nThis index, created by bringing together the various data sources via GIS, helps identify at-risk areas. \u010ctyrok\u00fd highlighted Old Town\u2014Prague\u2019s original city center, which dates back to the medieval walled city\u2014on the map. \u201cIt\u2019s one of the worst spots in terms of climate,\u201d he said. \u201cIt\u2019s a densely built-up quarter, and there\u2019s no wind\u2014just the cobblestone, stone, and asphalt surfaces.\u201d This area could benefit from increased green spaces and tree cover.\r\n\r\n\u201cThe plan is to update the index every few years to see how the situation has changed,\u201d \u010ctyrok\u00fd said. \u201cIt won\u2019t be a static thing\u2014and hopefully it will be improving.\u201d\r\n<h3><strong>Microclimates, Macro Vision<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nThe next phase of Prague\u2019s climate strategy, which IPR Prague hopes to commence this year, will involve using GIS to construct intricate 3D models of the city\u2019s microclimates. Once established, these models will provide a way to analyze the likely effects of mitigation strategies, before the city makes any large investment of time and money.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe\u2019ll use them to improve our proposals,\u201d \u010ctyrok\u00fd said. \u201cFor something small, like replanting trees, we won\u2019t bother to model it. But if we\u2019ve got a huge redevelopment project, we\u2019ll want to model it right up to the final stage of the proposal.\u201d These models also provide a way to communicate these plans with other government agencies and the public.\r\n\r\n\u201cThis is an interesting area,\u201d \u010ctyrok\u00fd said, pointing at the map. \u201cIt\u2019s basically a 19<sup>th <\/sup>century development, an old industrial and residential quarter. And you can see it\u2019s a relatively climatically OK region so far\u2014mostly brick and grass.\u201d\r\n\r\n\u010ctyrok\u00fd zoomed in for greater detail. \u201cBut what\u2019s this?\u201d he asked, pointing at a spot. \u201cIt\u2019s one of the biggest brownfields in Prague\u2014an old railway station and warehouse, and they\u2019ll be completely redeveloped into a new quarter for 30,000 people. And that\u2019s exactly the kind of place where we\u2019d want to implement the microclimate modeling, because it\u2019s a place where massive change will occur, and we want to see how it will work.\u201d"},{"acf_fc_layout":"gallery","gallery_images":[428662,428362,428672,427552]},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<h3><strong>A Changing Data Climate<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nThe third tier of Prague\u2019s climate strategy will involve adding even more data sources, working in conjunction with the country\u2019s ministry of the environment. \u201cWe\u2019ll join our databases related to environmental indicators, and manage it as one big project.\u201d\r\n\r\nAs the data flow increases, the GIS-enabled map of Prague will become more complex with a multiplicity of applications. Looking toward Prague\u2019s carbon-neutral future, city officials are discussing with IPR Prague the possibility of rooftop photovoltaic and wind-power generation.\r\n\r\nIPR Prague is also exploring becoming involved with a project already under way to study energy consumption in municipal buildings. In effect, this would mean expanding the map to include and model indoor spaces.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe\u2019d like to figure out how to combine information that we know about surface temperatures, weather, and heat waves, and discover how these relate to energy consumption in the buildings,\u201d \u010ctyrok\u00fd said. \u201cIf you improve the situation in the streets, what effect does it have on cooling the interior of buildings? Right now, that\u2019s just in the research stage. But that\u2019s the way we\u2019re thinking.\u201d\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLearn more about how meteorologists, climatologists, and GIS practitioners are increasingly <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/about\/science\/initiatives\/weather-climate-science\">integrating weather and\u00a0climate\u00a0data into their GIS workflows<\/a>, combining this information with other data to analyze the impact to populations, infrastructure, and ecosystems."},{"acf_fc_layout":"youtube","youtube_video_url":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/ub53VNZWdF8"}],"references":null},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Prague: Extreme-Heat Events Spur Climate Action, Using Geospatial Tech<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Prague planners use modern mapping tools to assess vulnerability to climate change, and to mitigate against extreme heat events.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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