{"id":448282,"date":"2021-08-04T07:09:23","date_gmt":"2021-08-04T14:09:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/?post_type=blog&#038;p=448282"},"modified":"2025-07-07T13:56:53","modified_gmt":"2025-07-07T20:56:53","slug":"south-carolina-shares-natural-heritage-data","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/blog\/south-carolina-shares-natural-heritage-data","title":{"rendered":"Mapping to Protect Natural Heritage and Biodiversity in South Carolina"},"author":5142,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"sync_status":"","episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","castos_file_data":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[422802],"tags":[1301,323572,475302,295342],"industry":[],"esri-blog-category":[478432],"esri_blog_department":[478222],"class_list":["post-448282","blog","type-blog","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-conservation","tag-biodiversity","tag-habitat","tag-heritage","tag-south-carolina","esri-blog-category-biodiversity","esri_blog_department-conservation-and-environment"],"acf":{"video_source":"","video_start":"","video_stop":"","short_description":"South Carolina made the switch from desktop to enterprise GIS, and went from static to dynamic data sharing with great efficiency gains.","pdf":{"host_remotely":false,"file":"","file_url":""},"flexible_content":[{"acf_fc_layout":"sidebar","layout":"standard","image_reference":null,"image_reference_figure":"","spotlight_image":null,"section_title":"","spotlight_name":"","position":"Right","content":"The South Carolina Natural Heritage Data program documents habitats and threatened species to safeguard the state's uniqueness.\r\n\r\n<strong>Key Takeaways<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Biologists in South Carolina moved to enterprise GIS to streamline the sharing of endangered-species data.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Maps and an information portal help document and preserve the state's biodiversity.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Safeguards on species data allow scientists to record and share sightings while protecting habitat.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","snippet":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<p class=\"ai-optimize-11\">To understand the complex variables and changes in natural cycles that impact threatened species, conservationists are using sophisticated mapping techniques and geographic information system (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/what-is-gis\/overview\">GIS<\/a>) technology.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"ai-optimize-12\">Consider the gopher tortoise and its unique relationship with forest fires.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"ai-optimize-13\">The gopher tortoise is resilient to the occasional forest fire because the long tunnels it digs and inhabits 10 feet underground are fortified enough to withstand the smoke, flames, and burning debris.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"ai-optimize-14\">Maintaining this subterranean lifestyle requires very specific habitat conditions. The sandy soils of the pine savannas found throughout the southeastern United States are particularly welcoming.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"ai-optimize-15\">Over time, as the pine trees grow, the forest density threatens the vegetation the tortoises eat. Before major human contact, naturally occurring forest fires\u2014often caused by lightning strikes\u2014would help preserve this understory vegetation.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"ai-optimize-16\">The modern fragmentation of the forests\u2014through the introduction of roads, homes, croplands, and cities\u2014has disrupted this cycle. Without fires, the forested areas that remain have become overgrown.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"ai-optimize-17\">The decline of fire-adapted forest ecosystems is not the only factor that threatens the gopher tortoise, but it underlines the complexity of the fight to protect the endangered creature.\u00a0The South Carolina Natural Heritage Program is arguably their most powerful ally.<\/p>"},{"acf_fc_layout":"gallery","gallery_images":[448332,448342,448352,448382]},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<h3><strong>Protecting South Carolina Heritage <\/strong><\/h3>\r\nThe Natural Heritage Program\u2014and its Cultural Heritage counterpart, dedicated to preserving land with historical and cultural relevance\u2014together form the South Carolina Heritage Trust Program, a section within the state\u2019s Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR).\r\n\r\nThe work of the Heritage Trust began in the mid-1970s. Shortly thereafter, when the project was transferred to SCDNR, the state agency became the first state in the country dedicated to protecting land with abundant natural or cultural significance.\r\n\r\nFrom the start, the work relied on one of the earliest desktop GIS software programs. As GIS software grew more sophisticated, Heritage Trust adopted an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/arcgis\/products\/arcgis-enterprise\/overview\">ArcGIS Enterprise<\/a> approach. The technology became central to many of the program's objectives, including mapping habitat loss and picking areas the state could purchase for permanently protected heritage preserves.\r\n\r\nWith GIS, conservationists can analyze how and where to develop land in ways that protect biodiversity."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":448392,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/app\/uploads\/2021\/07\/SC_NaturalHeritage_Reviewer.jpg"},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<h3><strong>Shortening the \"Long, Drawn-Out Process\"<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nThe Natural Heritage Program recently expanded its GIS to facilitate better communication with stakeholders, including private developers, scientists, and the public. Communication and workflows have always been challenges, especially regarding due diligence for developers proposing new projects. Any development that receives federal government financing or permitting must review the presence of threatened or endangered species within the proposed project footprint.\r\n\r\nUntil recently, developers would submit requests with varying degrees of specificity. Some contained only geographic coordinates, others included maps, and some were just general descriptions of the area. The office would check requests against its database of protected flora and fauna, struggling to get through around 200 requests per year.\r\n\r\n\"It was a long, drawn-out process, and it wasn't even our full-time job,\" said <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Uc6wVGBL0Oo\">Joe Lemeris<\/a>, the program's GIS and data manager.\r\n\r\nThe inefficiency extended to the workflow used by scientists who gathered data from the field. They recorded their observations onto Excel spreadsheets or paper forms. At some later date, this information would become part of the program's database. The office also gathered data from other civic and private partners, including the US Fish and Wildlife Service, which could arrive in various formats, adding more process bottlenecks.\r\n\r\n\"The problem with the way it was done before is that the consultants could say they'd done due diligence, and that we\u2019d shown them everything we had on a species, but then more data could pop up after we'd shared what we had,\" Lemeris said."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":448362,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/app\/uploads\/2021\/07\/ReviewerToolReport_crop.png"},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<h3><strong>Moving Beyond Static Data for Solar Power<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nA few years ago, a proposed solar project northwest of Beaufort, South Carolina, put a spotlight on the outdated system. The developers consulted information previously obtained from the Natural Heritage Program database, unaware that data gathered more recently showed that current project plans threatened the gopher tortoise's habitat.\r\n\r\nThe problem, as Lemeris saw it, was that everyone was dealing with \"static data\"\u2014information frozen in time as the world moved forward. What the program needed was a dynamic system that would reflect the most recent findings.\r\n\r\nThe solution was to take advantage of recent developments in GIS that prioritize the storage and flow of geographic information as well as its visualization. Data is now added and accessed through the same GIS-enabled portal. \"It's essentially just a web app, and we added a custom-designed reporting tool,\" Lemeris said.\r\n\r\nScientists conducting field surveys input their data into <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/arcgis\/products\/arcgis-survey123\/overview\">ArcGIS Survey123<\/a> forms connected to the database.\r\n\r\n\"They have access to the data being collected in a way that goes beyond just writing it down in field notes and then having to transcribe it into a spreadsheet,\" said Tanner Arrington, GIS manager for SCDNR. \"They gain a locational context that they didn't have when the data was just tabular. With location attached to it, they can see patterns that were unknown before.\"\r\n<h3><strong>Protecting Species from Foot Traffic<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nThe GIS data can be presented with varying degrees of specificity, depending on who wants to see it. For certain species, the Natural Heritage Program prefers not to share its survey data in granular detail, opting instead for a more generalized view.\r\n\r\nThe black rail bird merits this opaque approach. This bird\u2019s tiny stature restricts it to wetland areas with less than an inch of water. Unlike most birds, they spend more time running through marshes than flying through air.\r\n\r\nFor many years, no black rails were sighted in South Carolina, and the bird remains on the threatened list under the Endangered Species Act. Recently, birdwatchers have logged black rail sightings in the state. While this is good news, birder enthusiasm can present a problem.\r\n\r\nIf the exact location of appearances by the black rail are revealed, the influx of birders may damage those spots. On the Natural Heritage Program\u2019s maps, only those with special permissions\u2014scientists, mostly\u2014can study exactly where rails have appeared. Others, including developers, will see general areas marked off as the bird's habitat."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":448372,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<h3><strong>Starting \"a Ripple Effect\" with Enterprise GIS<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nThe success of the South Carolina Natural Heritage Program's portal has already paid dividends in increased efficiency. Lemeris estimates the tool has quadrupled the number of requests the office can process. The ease of use also encourages more developers to submit requests for data.\r\n\r\n\"I think there were a lot of people who weren't submitting projects to us because it was slow, and every day is more money,\" Lemeris said, \"and also because it wasn't made very easy for them.\"\r\n\r\nOther offices within SCDNR, as well as other state natural heritage programs, have also taken notice. \"There's been a ripple effect,\" Arrington said. \"The original understanding of the technology was through desktop GIS. But now that more people have seen what enterprise GIS is capable of, it's opened new opportunities within the agency. They're saying, 'Well, if it works for the Heritage Program, why can't we give it a try?' They've seen the benefits firsthand, and that's very powerful.\"\r\n\r\nLearn more about how organizations and policy makers help <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/industries\/conservation\/overview\">preserve biodiversity with GIS<\/a>."},{"acf_fc_layout":"sidebar","layout":"standard","image_reference":null,"image_reference_figure":"","spotlight_image":null,"section_title":"","spotlight_name":"","position":"Center","content":"<h2 class=\"ai-optimize-6\"><strong>From South Carolina to the Entire Western Hemisphere<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"ai-optimize-7\">The Heritage Trust Program in South Carolina, founded by the Nature Conservancy in 1974, was the first of its kind in the nation. Nearly five decades later, heritage programs exist in all US states, Canadian provinces, and countries throughout North America and South America.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"ai-optimize-8\">The many heritage program offices are linked by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.natureserve.org\/\">NatureServe<\/a>, a Virginia-based nonprofit that maintains a common biodiversity database. By collecting and sharing data, what began in South Carolina has become a multijurisdictional network to monitor and maintain biodiversity. As a means to protect rare, threatened, and endangered species, \u201cit\u2019s really a hemisphere-wide initiative,\u201d said Joe Lemeris, the GIS and data manager for the Natural Heritage Program within Heritage Trust.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"ai-optimize-9\">All of these inputs are aggregated and used for many important analyses related to climate change, biodiversity loss, and land preservation prioritization. The data is also key to NatureServe's Map of Biodiversity Importance, which raises awareness about which plants and animals are close to extinction, and where.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"ai-optimize-10\">This data-driven approach allows the individual programs to use GIS to not only monitor the present, but also prepare for the future. \"That's the next frontier of our program,\" Lemeris said, \"taking species data and using environmental variables to predict likely occurrences of that species across the landscape.\"<\/p>","snippet":""}],"references":null},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Mapping to Protect Natural Heritage and Biodiversity in South Carolina<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"South Carolina was the first state with a natural heritage data program, and it has used it to advance and preserve habitat and biodiversity.\" \/>\n<meta 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