{"id":463242,"date":"2021-09-23T06:30:56","date_gmt":"2021-09-23T13:30:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/?post_type=blog&#038;p=463242"},"modified":"2023-02-03T14:49:17","modified_gmt":"2023-02-03T22:49:17","slug":"manuel-pastor-environmental-justice","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/blog\/manuel-pastor-environmental-justice","title":{"rendered":"For Equity and Environmental Justice, USC\u2019s Manuel Pastor Knows Maps\u2019 Power"},"author":7702,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"sync_status":"","episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","castos_file_data":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[461441],"tags":[474552,338282,467071,476072],"industry":[],"esri-blog-category":[478512],"esri_blog_department":[478192],"class_list":["post-463242","blog","type-blog","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-equity-social-justice","tag-environmental-justice","tag-los-angeles","tag-profile","tag-social-activism","esri-blog-category-change-maker","esri_blog_department-gis-for-good"],"acf":{"video_source":"","video_start":"","video_stop":"","short_description":"Knowing where people are, has been instrumental in Manuel Pastor\u2019s social advocacy efforts.  ","pdf":{"host_remotely":false,"file":"","file_url":""},"flexible_content":[{"acf_fc_layout":"sidebar","layout":"standard","image_reference":null,"image_reference_figure":"","spotlight_image":null,"section_title":"","spotlight_name":"","position":"Right","content":"Manuel Pastor, professor and director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Equity Research Institute\u00a0uses maps to understand underserved communities.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Key Takeaways<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>USC\u2019s Manuel Pastor has spent decades pursuing environmental justice and equity for California communities.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>His latest book, South Central Dreams, uses maps to observe stark population shifts in a Los Angeles neighborhood.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Toxic surroundings and a lack of green space aren\u2019t solely health issues; they can have a damaging psychological impact.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n","snippet":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"When Manuel Pastor first saw the\u00a0map showing how clearly the population of\u00a0South Central\u00a0Los Angeles in Southern California\u00a0had shifted,\u00a0his first instinct was to show someone, \u201cbecause I bet their jaw will drop.\u201d\u00a0In just a few decades time, the area\u2019s majority Black population had become an overwhelmingly majority-Latino population.\r\n\r\nThe image\u2014one that\u2019s\u00a0tailor-made\u00a0for a generation\u00a0accustomed to GIFs\u2014shows\u00a0those stark changes over time\u00a0in a quick animation\u00a0and acts\u00a0like a visual thesis for Pastor\u2019s latest book, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.southcentraldreams.com\/maps-and-charts\"><em>South Central Dreams<\/em><\/a><em>.<\/em><em>\u201d<\/em> It\u2019s also a\u00a0keen example of the power of maps in his research.\r\n\r\n\u201cWhen you show people a map, the story is so much stronger, the communications piece is so much better,\u201d\u00a0Pastor said.\u00a0The result can leave a viewer stunned. \u201cThat\u2019s the punch you want with the story.\u201d"},{"acf_fc_layout":"youtube","youtube_video_url":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/kRm1U9OlZ7M"},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"(The above animation is courtesy of USC Equity Research Institute and <a href=\"https:\/\/SouthCentralDreams.com\">SouthCentralDreams.com<\/a>)\r\n\r\nThe University of Southern California\u00a0Sociology professor and director of the university\u2019s Equity Research Institute\u00a0has spent\u00a0his academic career\u00a0working with community activists and\u00a0diving into numbers, spreadsheets, and data tables to expose\u00a0inequities\u00a0and promote\u00a0environmental justice.\u00a0He and his team of researchers also use a geographic information system (GIS) to visualize and analyze demographic and economic shifts, and to create the maps that share those findings.\r\n\r\nPastor\u2019s work\u00a0with colleagues\u00a0developing\u00a0an <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/8\/5\/1441\">Environmental Justice Screening Method<\/a>\u00a0<span class=\"normaltextrun\">is now part of\u00a0California\u2019s\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/oehha.ca.gov\/calenviroscreen\/report\/calenviroscreen-40\">CalEnviroScreen<\/a><span class=\"normaltextrun\">\u00a0process, a mapping tool that helps\u00a0the California Environmental Protection Agency\u00a0identify communities most impacted by\u00a0multiple environmental, social, and health\u00a0hazards.\u00a0\r\n\r\nTheir Environmental Justice\u00a0Screening Method\u00a0has also been used by\u00a0officials for Los Angeles County to\u00a0help\u00a0identify \u201cGreen Zone\u201d neighborhoods\u2014those in need of environmental remediation and investment.\r\n\r\n<h3><b>Still Seeking Equity After All These Years<\/b><\/h3>\r\n\r\nDespite\u00a0decades of\u00a0palpable political awareness of environmental justice issues, solutions have only recently\u00a0been\u00a0baked into bureaucratic processes\u00a0in California, Pastor said. Community activists, who\u00a0were accustomed to wrangling their way into agency meetings to discuss environmental justice actions, are now\u00a0often\u00a0invited to participate at the onset.\u00a0There\u2019s been a realization,\u00a0he\u00a0said, that the\u00a0earlier\u00a0people are involved in solutions, the more amenable they\u2019ll be to the result. There\u2019s a sense of ownership.\r\n\r\n<\/div>"},{"acf_fc_layout":"gallery","gallery_images":[463272,463282,463292]},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"\r\nPastor has also recognized the importance for social organizers to communicate closely with\u00a0data managers\u00a0within organizations and governments. The connection serves to effect change and foster\u00a0what he calls \u201cnerd to nerd\u201d relationships.\r\n\r\nAfter he co-authored a landmark 2007 study, \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.epa.gov\/region9\/science\/web\/pdf\/still_toxic_02_usepa.pdf\"><i>Still Toxic\u00a0After All These Years<\/i><\/a><span class=\"normaltextrun\">,\u201d Pastor said\u00a0researchers with the\u00a0Bay Area Air Quality Management District backed up\u00a0his research\u00a0to naysayers,\u00a0confirming the\u00a0conclusions\u00a0were sound.\r\n\r\nIn that study he\u00a0helped to show that race played a larger role in\u00a0a\u00a0Bay Area\u00a0resident\u00a0living near environmental hazards, even controlling for wealth and land use.\u00a0The\u00a0report\u00a0found that\u00a0a Black family earning more than $100,000 was more likely to be living near a toxic waste facility than a white family earning $25,000.\r\n\r\nWhen Pastor first started doing environmental justice research in the mid-1990s, mapping tools were more rudimentary. Student researchers would take bulky GPS devices with them to\u00a0pinpoint\u00a0physical\u00a0factories emitting toxic materials at a time\u00a0when a company\u2019s headquarters may have been its only known address.\r\n\r\nIn his latest book, Pastor and his co-authors looked deeply at South Central L.A.\u2019s populations shifts.\r\n\r\n\u201cIt\u2019s maps, it\u2019s data, and it\u2019s a qualitative story,\u201d he said of the book. \u201cIt does something else, too. It goes beneath the flash and fury to the daily lives,\u201d\u00a0he said, referring to what\u2019s happened since the early 1990s. At that time, the area was an epicenter for\u00a0violent divisions\u00a0and had become\u00a0a region\u00a0synonymous with crime and blight. Plenty of progress has been made since. But, Pastor said,\u00a0stories about Black and Hispanic neighbors getting along in the community and forging common interests and collective organizations are not as newsworthy as the preceding conflict.\r\n\r\n<h3><b>Building Knowledge Communities\u00a0<\/b><\/h3>\r\n\r\nPastor grew up in La Puente, California in a neighborhood bereft of greenery, near toxic hazards. It took trudging across hot asphalt to get anywhere and searching two towns over to find a public swimming pool.\u00a0\r\n\r\nWhile that kind of life experience can affect people in different ways, there\u2019s often a psychological impact, Pastor said.\r\n\r\n\u201cIt\u2019s insulting to be in a place where no one is planting trees. Where there are not parks,\u201d he said. \u201cIt is every part of the built landscape that is screaming at you that you are less than.\u201d\r\n\r\nThe more we can create buffers between homes and nearby industry with natural features,\u00a0Pastor said, the more positive health outcomes there will be\u2014including self-esteem and community esteem.\r\n\r\n<\/div>"},{"acf_fc_layout":"quote","image":463322,"text":"Any map that changes the world to be a better place is a good map.","author_name":"Manuel Pastor","author_profession_organization":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"\r\nIn\u00a0\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.luminosoa.org\/site\/books\/10.1525\/luminos.6\/read\/?loc=008.html\"><i>Equity, Growth, and Community<\/i><\/a><span class=\"normaltextrun\"><i>: What the Nation Can Learn from America's Metro Areas<\/i><\/span><span class=\"normaltextrun\">,\u201d Pastor and his co-author Chris Benner point to evidence that communities reliant on robust\u00a0data sharing were better off. In their analysis, such locales were more equitable,\u00a0and as a result,\u00a0had more sustainable growth. In these \u201cknowledge communities,\u201d people were on the same page, he said.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"eop\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\u201cOur ability to grow together may be fundamentally rooted in our ability to know together,\u201d the pair said in their\u00a0book.\r\n\r\nKnowing where people are has been instrumental to Pastor\u2019s work with social advocacy.\u00a0<\r\n\r\nIn the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections, he recognized the power maps could have on voting outreach. By using an underlying answer in the Census to estimate where recently naturalized citizens may be living, he helped give get-out-the-vote groups a guide to reaching immigrants.\r\n\r\nThey were simple maps, but are still among Pastor\u2019s favorites. \u201cAny map that changes the world to be a better place is a good map,\u201d he said.\r\n\r\n<h3><b>Reasons for Optimism<\/b><\/h3>\r\n\r\nDespite his upbringing\u00a0among environmental hazards, and\u00a0his\u00a0long pursuit of equity, Pastor remains optimistic that better days are always ahead.\r\n\r\nThere\u2019s a streak of beating the odds in his life.<\/span><span class=\"eop\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"normaltextrun\">For one, the university professor is the child of an undocumented immigrant with a sixth-grade education and a mother who reached tenth grade before leaving school.\u00a0\r\n\r\nHe\u2019s also lived through three decades of\u00a0difficult\u00a0social movements. Many of those pursuits ultimately came to some fruition\u00a0including worker rights, commitments to climate change intervention,\u00a0community improvements, and\u00a0shifting\u00a0political representation.\r\n\r\nThere remains dramatic inequality but, Pastor said, \u201cthere\u2019s a willingness to deal with it.\u201d\r\n\r\n\r\nLearn more about how <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/racial-equity\/overview\">GIS can create and sustain positive change<\/a>.\r\n\r\n<\/div>"}],"references":null},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>USC\u2019s Manuel Pastor Knows the Power of Maps for Environmental Justice<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Manuel Pastor, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Equity Research Institute uses maps to understand underserved communities.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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