{"id":52712,"date":"2018-08-08T11:21:01","date_gmt":"2018-08-08T18:21:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/?post_type=blog&#038;p=52712"},"modified":"2024-05-10T14:30:45","modified_gmt":"2024-05-10T21:30:45","slug":"hawaii-volcano-drones-responders","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/blog\/hawaii-volcano-drones-responders","title":{"rendered":"Hawaii Volcano: Scientists, Emergency Responders Put Drones to Work"},"author":941,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"sync_status":"","episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","castos_file_data":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[81,551],"tags":[141,30072,23512,1691],"industry":[],"esri-blog-category":[478642],"esri_blog_department":[478242],"class_list":["post-52712","blog","type-blog","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-capability","category-imagery","tag-drones","tag-emergency-response","tag-search-and-rescue","tag-situational-awareness","esri-blog-category-disaster-response","esri_blog_department-public-safety"],"acf":{"video_source":"","video_start":"","video_stop":"","short_description":"While drones have been used previously to map volcanoes, CRASAR\u2019s fleet was the first to use them to officially aid disaster response.","pdf":{"host_remotely":false,"file":"","file_url":""},"flexible_content":[{"acf_fc_layout":"sidebar","layout":"standard","image_reference":null,"image_reference_figure":"","spotlight_image":null,"section_title":"","spotlight_name":"","position":"Right","content":"Key Takeaways:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>As K\u012blauea continues to erupt, drone imagery and smart maps aid disaster response<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Visualization of drone-collected data helps emergency teams and the public<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Flying where responders cannot tread, drones provide safe, real-time updates<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","snippet":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"With fiery lava flow from Hawaii\u2019s erupting K\u012blauea Volcano prompting urgent evacuation orders, one might expect the last thing on residents\u2019 minds would be cleaning house. Yet, many locals of Leilani Estates, a neighborhood now mostly destroyed, not only took the time to clean their homes, they also did extra gardening, planted fresh flowers, and left offerings to honor the volcano that was threatening their homes.\r\n\r\nThis last-minute preparation paid respect to Pele, the Hawaiian volcano goddess. K\u012blauea Volcano continues to wreak havoc in spectacular fashion, spewing billions of gallons of molten lava across the landscape of Hawaii\u2019s Big Island and into the ocean. But the Hawaiian people are pragmatic and accepting, viewing Pele\u2019s activity as part of the natural process of destruction and creation that forms the Hawaiian Islands. They clean their homes to return them to Pele in a good state, since they believe she gave them the land in the first place.\r\n\r\nThis ongoing eruption of the K\u012blauea volcano, which started in early May 2018, continues to shock geologists. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) notes that such an event is unprecedented in the past 200 years, and there\u2019s no telling how much longer it will continue. Already, the Halema\u02bbuma\u02bbu crater has grown to seven times its previous size by volume, creating almost 700 acres of new land. Hundreds of homes have been destroyed and more are still at risk. Yet, the threat to lives has ebbed significantly since the early days of the eruption when evacuations and search and rescue operations, including a drone strike team, went into full force."},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":52752,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<strong>First (robot) responders<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAmong those responding to the volcanic eruption were a new breed of emergency responders: robots from the Center for Robot-Assisted Search and Rescue, or CRASAR. A five-person team of highly trained volunteers from CRASAR deployed to K\u012blauea a few days after the eruption. They brought a fleet of small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS), commonly known as drones, to assist in the rescue operations.\r\n\r\nCRASAR, a nonprofit organization, champions the use of small unmanned vehicles in emergency response. Disasters present dangerous and sometimes life-threatening scenarios to first responders. Disaster robots can go where people or emergency response dogs can\u2019t, minimizing the risk to life. CRASAR assisted at the World Trade Center on 9\/11, and since then has supplied robotic assistance for 28 disasters including earthquakes, building collapses, floods, nuclear accidents, tsunamis, and underground mine explosions.\r\n\r\nK\u012blauea provided a new challenge to the team, and they executed the first known use of drones in emergency response to a volcanic eruption. While drones have been used previously to map volcanoes, CRASAR\u2019s fleet was the first to use them to officially aid disaster response. The team\u2019s participation also freed up drone resources from the University of Hawaii at Hilo to focus on geological observations during those crucial first days.\r\n\r\nBreaking this new ground made an impact on the experienced team. Justin Adams, president of CRASAR, described their encounter with Pele vividly:\r\n\r\n\u201cIt was unique. I've never dealt with lava before. None of us have. We've dealt with mudslides, and we tried to compare it to mudslides. But just the color of the lava, the sparkling of it burning up the vegetation and trees, looked like blood flowing down the side of the mountain. It looked like arteries because of the way it was pulsing.\u201d"},{"acf_fc_layout":"youtube","youtube_video_url":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/2QrXJ1EAQWU"},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Ground truth by drone<\/strong>\r\n\r\nOver a six-day period, from May 14 to May 19, CRASAR flew 44 drone flights, 16 of which happened at night. These missions were invaluable, since manned aircraft such as helicopters were prohibited to fly at night. The crew staged the drone flights from restricted-access roads near the volcano, driving their vehicle through the eerily quiet evacuation zones and moving locations often to follow and map the lava flows.\r\n\r\nDuring these flights, the drones were outfitted with thermal sensors. They identified a new fissure (Fissure 8, which continues to expel lava months later), mapped the lava fronts using thermal cameras, and provided data to the USGS to help determine the speed of lava flow.\r\n\r\nTo capture the data, a drone would hover above the front edge of a lava flow, take an image straight down, and note the GPS coordinate of that image. Several minutes later, the drone would follow the leading edge of the flow to its new location and repeat the procedure. This was a much safer maneuver than previous USGS data collection, according to Adams.\r\n\r\n\u201cThey had been gathering data by a person getting close to the lava, taking a GPS coordinate, waiting, and trying to walk down in front of the lava flow to take another GPS coordinate,\u201d he said.\r\n\r\nDuring the day, drones mapped fissures and measured dangerous sulfur dioxide emissions, reducing the number of costly helicopter flights needed.\r\n\r\nIn one daytime mission, emergency personnel received an alert that someone might be in danger in an isolated house. One of CRASAR\u2019s drones quickly deployed to verify. Known as \u201cground-truthing,\u201d emergency responders must validate the accuracy of incoming information, especially when it can mean the difference between life and death.\r\n\r\n\u201cCitizens were calling in reports, so first responders called CRASAR and we had a strike team that would go and do validation of air quality, lava flow, or lava extent,\u201d Adams said. \u201cWe acted as an on-demand task force crew.\u201d"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":52762,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<strong>Expertise, experience, and technology<\/strong>\r\n\r\nMany factors contributed to the effectiveness of CRASAR\u2019s efforts during the emergency response. Three stand out: technical and scientific expertise, disaster training and experience, and specialized software.\r\n\r\nThe CRASAR team members\u2019 expertise fostered good communication with other first responders and the USGS. Their scientific backgrounds allowed them to speak the same language as the scientists and engineers involved.\r\n\r\nExperience with previous disasters prepared the CRASAR team for K\u012blauea. They knew which questions to ask in an emergency and what their drones could do to assist the operation.\r\n\r\nFinally, they used specialized software to automatically tag images with their locations. They visualized the information in real time on a digital map by using <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/what-is-gis\/overview\">geographic information system (GIS) technology<\/a>. They employed another application to take panoramic aerial photos automatically instead of manually, expediting situational awareness.\r\n\r\n\u201cCRASAR has equipment and technology that was placed above what we're used to,\u201d said Christian Wong, Executive Director, Hawaii Science and Technology Museum. \u201cIn particular, their capability to do 360-degree views of an area very quickly. They used a lot of pre-programmed applications with their drones that are able to do certain tasks that normally, if you relied on a pilot, might take a little while to get done and it wouldn't be as efficient.\u201d\r\n\r\n<strong>Next steps for K\u012blauea<\/strong><strong> drone response<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe CRASAR team\u2019s work was a success. They reduced cost and risk, and increased situational awareness for all involved responders, government agencies, and the public. The team hopes this will build support for future use of robots in disaster response and public safety.\r\n\r\nWhile CRASAR has completed its official operations in Hawaii, the team remains on standby, communicating with first responders often and ready to deploy again should the situation change.\r\n\r\nThe work of drones at K\u012blauea continues with the University of Hawaii at Hilo performing daily monitoring of the eruption, as <a href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/videos\/us\/2018\/06\/02\/hawaii-kilauea-lava-mapping-mclean-pkg.cnn\/video\/playlists\/hawaii-volcano-eruption\/\">reported by CNN<\/a>. The drones provide a reliable stream of visual information helpful in communication with the public during this kind of emergency.\r\n\r\n\u201cThe visual data drones collect is very useful in helping show the people why they've been evacuated from certain areas,\u201d Wong said. \u201cOnce they see the devastation and damage, they understand why they cannot be let back to their homes.\u201d\r\n\r\nWong noted that CRASAR\u2019s participation had an unexpected outcome. It inspired local students from Hawaii\u2019s Big Island to start creating their own disaster robot designed specifically for volcano response.\r\n\r\nWhile the Hawaiian people feel Pele will always be unpredictable\u2014 taking and giving land according to natural cycles\u2014emergency responders and scientists can now fly drones above a volcanic eruption for a safer way to observe and measure her awe-inspiring power.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLearn more about how drones are being used for social good and humanitarian missions in this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/podcast\/power-spatial-analytics-social-good-humanitarian-missions\/\">Esri &amp; The Science of Where Podcast<\/a>."},{"acf_fc_layout":"sidebar","layout":"standard","image_reference":null,"image_reference_figure":"","spotlight_image":null,"section_title":"","spotlight_name":"","position":"Center","content":"<strong>Real-time Awareness in Disaster Response<\/strong>\r\n\r\nWhen every second matters, real-time awareness is essential. During an emergency, first responders need the most current information to make split-second decisions about resource allocation. Increasingly, they are turning to innovative technology to achieve the following.\r\n\r\n<strong>Common Operating Picture (COP)\r\n<\/strong>A digital dashboard brings together layers of information onto one shared map. Firefighters, police, ambulance dispatchers, and government officials all look at the same information and share relevant data, so everyone understands where things are happening. They often use a geographic information system (GIS) to combine and display information dynamically.\r\n\r\n<strong>Field Mobility\r\n<\/strong>When first responders (or the drones they operate) are on the scene of a disaster, they collect firsthand knowledge of that location. Mobile apps and specialized data collection devices are used to send that knowledge instantly back to the centralized emergency operations center, and display in real time on the COP.\r\n\r\n<strong>Integrated Communications\r\n<\/strong>When disaster strikes, emergency teams access their own dedicated wireless broadband network called FirstNet to communicate and stay connected despite increased web and telecommunications use by citizens. Real-time updates help them make better decisions, faster.\r\n\r\n<strong>Situational Awareness\r\n<\/strong>Esri\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/arcgis\/products\/drone2map\/overview\">Drone2Map for ArcGIS<\/a> together with Hangar\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hangar.com\/hangar-platform\/\">Robots-as-a-System Platform<\/a> enabled rapid 360-imaging for situational awareness. Remote GeoSystems\u2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.remotegeo.com\/software\/linevision-desktop\/\">LineVision<\/a> software was used to view and analyze video within GIS. DJI\u2019s new XT2 thermal sensor provided drone-based air-quality monitoring. Both Hangar and Remote GeoSystems are part of the <a href=\"https:\/\/developers.arcgis.com\/startups\/\">Esri Startup Program<\/a>.","snippet":""}],"references":null},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Hawaii Volcano: Scientists, Emergency Responders Put Drones to Work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"CRASAR, a nonprofit that champions drone use in emergency response, traveled to the Kilauea Volcano eruption to add an aerial imaging perspective.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/blog\/hawaii-volcano-drones-responders\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hawaii Volcano: 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