{"id":599932,"date":"2023-07-25T06:00:22","date_gmt":"2023-07-25T13:00:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/?post_type=blog&#038;p=599932"},"modified":"2023-07-25T10:51:04","modified_gmt":"2023-07-25T17:51:04","slug":"saving-canadas-peatlands","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/blog\/saving-canadas-peatlands","title":{"rendered":"Saving Canada\u2019s Peatlands to Help Stabilize the Climate"},"author":671,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"sync_status":"","episode_type":"","audio_file":"","castos_file_data":"","podmotor_file_id":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[],"tags":[471051,485752,295772,485782,279592],"industry":[],"esri-blog-category":[478652],"esri_blog_department":[478222,478212],"class_list":["post-599932","blog","type-blog","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","tag-carbon-emissions","tag-carbon-sequestration","tag-indigenous","tag-peatlands","tag-preservation","esri-blog-category-monitoring","esri_blog_department-conservation-and-environment","esri_blog_department-resilience"],"acf":{"video_source":"","video_start":"","video_stop":"","short_description":"Wildlife Conservation Society Canada partners with Indigenous communities for the stewardship of peatlands, which are susceptible to wildfire.","pdf":{"host_remotely":false,"file":"","file_url":""},"flexible_content":[{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<em>The above aerial photo shows peatlands in the Hudson Bay Lowland. (Photo credit: Lorna Harris)<\/em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;"},{"acf_fc_layout":"sidebar","layout":"standard","image_reference":null,"image_reference_figure":"","spotlight_image":null,"section_title":"","spotlight_name":"","position":"Right","content":"As wildfire and mining-related threats to peatlands ramp up in Canada, conservationists work with Indigenous groups for the preservation of this carbon-absorbing ecosystem.\r\n\r\nKey Takeaways\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Peatlands hold nearly 30 percent of the world\u2019s stored carbon, and Canada is home to the world\u2019s largest peatland carbon store.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Canada\u2019s irreplaceable peatlands are under increasing threat from mining activities, development, permafrost thaw, and wildfires.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Conservationists are turning to GIS to map and track changes across Canada\u2019s vast peatlands.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","snippet":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Canada\u2019s 1.1 million square kilometers of peatlands\u2014one of earth\u2019s largest natural carbon stores\u2014are a little-known but crucial aspect of the country\u2019s current wildfire crisis across the boreal forest region. In 2023, between January and mid-July, more than 24.7 million acres of forest burned, spanning from Alberta to Quebec. The wildfires were so expansive, the smoke blanketed most of the East Coast of North America, from Nova Scotia all the way south to Florida. The worst air pollution in the world on June 6, 2023, was in New York City. The health impacts of the wildfires across Canada sent a clear signal about the costs of climate change.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Peatlands are wetland ecosystems where waterlogged conditions capture plant material and keep it from fully decomposing. Peat is essentially young coal. When wildfire approaches, if the ground is wet and spongy\u2014as it is when healthy\u2014it can slow or stop the fire. But when it dries out, it can do the opposite and be a potent fuel for fires. Many degraded and disturbed peatlands across Canada have been drying for some time, extending the firefighting challenge.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Remarkably, Canada contains 25 percent of the world\u2019s peatlands, which hold a stunning 150 billion tons of carbon. Due to human encroachment, industrial disturbances, and the ongoing impacts of climate change, the critical carbon storage and climate-mitigation capabilities of peatlands are in danger. Permafrost thaw and greater fire frequency and intensity add to the threats to these vital but vulnerable lands.<\/p>"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":600992,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wildlife Conservation Society Canada (WCS Canada) is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wcscanada.org\/Our-work\/National\/Climate-Change\/PEATLANDS-IN-CANADA-A-GLOBALLY-IMPORTANT-CARBON-STOREHOUSE.aspx\">working to ensure peatlands continue<\/a> to serve an essential climate change mitigation function. The organization applies geographic information system (GIS) technology to foster a fundamental shift in how peatlands are assessed and managed in Canada.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cOver the past couple of decades, GIS has become a useful tool for peatlands work, especially for these large landscapes,\u201d said Lorna Harris, director of the Forests, Peatlands, and Climate Change Program at WCS Canada. \u201cHaving an idea of the different peatland types, where they are, and how they connect can help us understand where the water is flowing across the landscape and what plant communities are within an area.\u201d<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">WCS Canada uses GIS to measure peatland cover and carbon storage, record the lands' protected status and risks from development (e.g., mining claims), inform fieldwork, and prioritize conservation efforts. Researchers take maps into the field to verify map accuracy and add on-the-ground observations in a process that achieves what is called <em>ground truth<\/em>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>An Irreplaceable Global Ecosystem<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Only 13 percent of Canada\u2019s peatlands are protected. The remaining 87 percent are at constant risk from development and industrial activities like peat extraction, logging, and mining.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Hudson Bay Lowlands, which spans the northern portions of Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec, is the second-largest peatland complex in the world, and it's under pressure. Within the Hudson Bay Lowlands sits the Ring of Fire, a vast mineral-rich region with deposits of chromite, nickel, copper, gold, zinc, and other minerals. Mining in this region is subject to ongoing debate, with the possible economic benefits being weighed against globally significant environmental concerns and the rights of Indigenous communities.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indigenous peoples have been the stewards of the vast peatland landscapes across Canada from time immemorial and are working to establish research and community-based monitoring programs to continue this work. Peatlands across Canada are part of cultural landscapes of importance to many First Nations. In recognition of this essential connection, there\u2019s a push to expand Indigenous Protected and Conserved Areas (IPCAs) across Canada\u2019s northern peatlands.<\/p>"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":600982,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/app\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Canada_PeatlandHugelius-BurnAreas-WCSCanada.png"},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Peatland destruction causes the loss of carbon and takes away the future carbon absorbing capacity. It turns the world's best carbon sink into a carbon source. And peatlands can't rebound like forests.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cWe can\u2019t re-create peatlands,\u201d Harris said. \u201cYou can restore them, but you often get something completely different, and you can\u2019t recover the lost carbon. Peatlands have taken thousands of years to absorb all that carbon and build it up. Even if you give it 10, 20, 30 years, that\u2019s nothing in the lifetime of a peatland.\u201d<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Canada\u2019s peatlands can keep that carbon stored for many thousands of years. That\u2019s much longer than other carbon sinks, such as rainforests, which can release carbon relatively quickly\u2014over decades and centuries.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Monitoring Changes across Vast Wilderness<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">WCS Canada\u2019s goal is to work with partners in the Hudson Bay Lowlands to track changes as they happen, including mining activities, permafrost thaw, and wildfire damage. The data collection will give a clearer idea of what\u2019s happening across Canada\u2019s peatlands, an area too vast for achieving comprehensive ground truth.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Building this knowledge is a challenge; the areas are distant and secluded. \u201cThere aren\u2019t research stations,\u201d Harris said. \u201cThe only settlement is small communities, hunting camps, mining camps.\u201d<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Even maintaining a charged battery for a computer, tablet or mobile phone is nearly impossible. \u201cIt\u2019s a very difficult place to work,\u201d Harris said. \u201cIt's swarming with bugs most of the time, blackflies and mosquitoes, so we\u2019re all in the peat bog with our bug jackets, sealing up any gaps so they can\u2019t get through.\u201d<\/p>"},{"acf_fc_layout":"gallery","gallery_images":[600022,599992,601002]},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The expense of reaching these remote regions is high. The annual cost of using a helicopter to cover even a small lowland area starts at $60,000. \u201cThat makes it very challenging to get baseline data, do the monitoring, and get back,\u201d Harris said.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">WCS Canada is working with partners to set up remote monitoring, using sensors and satellites to learn more about peatlands across Canada and make the most of the organization's limited budget. WCS Canada plans to expand its use of technology to track peatlands, including the use of drones, aerial imagery, and lidar data.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cWe\u2019re determining what\u2019s going on in each area based on the data we have available,\u201d said Meg Southee, lead geospatial data analyst at WCS Canada. \u201cWe\u2019re using remotely sensed data, and we\u2019re modeling based on that.\u201d<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>A Conservation Journey<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Canada still has a long way to go to protect the vulnerable forests and peatlands of the boreal region. \u201cI\u2019m currently looking at oil sands expansion in northern Alberta, and a fen [a type of peatland] that\u2019s taken close to 8,000 years to develop and could be destroyed in an instant,\u201d Harris said. \u201cSome restoration would be possible with a lot of work, but you can\u2019t get back these landscapes that are thousands of years old.\u201d<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In WCS Canada\u2019s recent policy brief on protecting northern peatlands, GIS-driven opportunities for conservation action are described, including developing a complete inventory of current peatlands and potential dangers. This effort to enhance the mapping and monitoring would include tracking relevant industrial activity to develop a full picture of what\u2019s happening to the peatlands, and where.<\/p>"},{"acf_fc_layout":"gallery","gallery_images":[600032,600002,599982]},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With the current wildfires, Canada's vulnerability to climate change is at the forefront. WCS Canada is working with global partners to get peatland conservation on the global climate action agenda to free up funds to tackle this important challenge.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cThe United Nations Environment Programme has been working to bring all the major peatland countries together,\u201d Harris said. \u201cPeatlands only cover about 3 percent of earth\u2019s land surface, but they store nearly 30 percent of the total soil carbon. It\u2019s a very small area relative to forests, but they store more carbon than all the world\u2019s forests combined.\u201d<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Learn more about how <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/industries\/conservation\/overview\">maps inform intelligent conservation efforts<\/a>.<\/p>"}],"references":null},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Saving Canada\u2019s Peatlands to Help Stabilize the Climate<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"As mining and wildfire threaten peatlands in Canada, conservationists work with Indigenous communities to steward and preserve them.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/blog\/saving-canadas-peatlands\" \/>\n<meta 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