{"id":679232,"date":"2024-07-16T06:26:23","date_gmt":"2024-07-16T13:26:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/?post_type=blog&#038;p=679232"},"modified":"2024-07-15T12:26:50","modified_gmt":"2024-07-15T19:26:50","slug":"federal-crop-insurance-maps-compliance","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/blog\/federal-crop-insurance-maps-compliance","title":{"rendered":"Federal Crop Insurance Program Gains a Game-Changing Geospatial Awareness"},"author":671,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"sync_status":"","episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","castos_file_data":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[278902,301852,1641,170182,961],"industry":[],"esri-blog-category":[478732],"esri_blog_department":[478182],"class_list":["post-679232","blog","type-blog","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-esri-insider","tag-data-science","tag-geospatial-cloud","tag-insurance","tag-risk","tag-spatial-analysis","esri-blog-category-agriculture","esri_blog_department-natural-resources"],"acf":{"video_source":"","video_start":"","video_stop":"","short_description":"The USDA's Risk Management Agency uses geospatial analysis to detect anomalies and maintain the integrity of the federal crop insurance program.","pdf":{"host_remotely":false,"file":"","file_url":""},"flexible_content":[{"acf_fc_layout":"sidebar","layout":"standard","image_reference":null,"image_reference_figure":"","spotlight_image":null,"section_title":"","spotlight_name":"","position":"Right","content":"<em>An aerial photo of a green grain field after a storm illustrates the destruction and variability of hail damage.<\/em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nThe US Department of Agriculture Risk Management Agency (USDA RMA) teams with Tarleton State University to identify and address crop insurance compliance and program inefficiencies.\r\n\r\nKey Takeaways\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Smart maps enable field-level crop analysis to accurately assess crop insurance claims.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Spatial analysis plays a crucial role in the USDA\u2019s compliance operations.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A partnership with Tarleton State University has been instrumental in enhancing the agency\u2019s research capabilities.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","snippet":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"In marginal years when there\u2019s too much rain, not enough, or calamity strikes, US farmers and ranchers rely on insurance from the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation to buffer them from catastrophe. Crop insurance is the largest farm safety net, covering over $207 billion in liability in 2023. Most farmers file justified losses, but occasionally there are fraudulent claims\u2014schemes rooted out by modern crop monitoring. Investigators with the US Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Risk Management Agency (RMA) use high-resolution aerial imagery to capture field conditions, machine learning algorithms to automate the detection of patterns, and geographic information system (GIS) technology to ground truth claims.\r\n\r\nThis integration of advanced technologies and data science techniques supports the investigative process that generates positive results\u2014like exposing the Colorado ranchers who were caught <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao-co\/pr\/two-southeastern-colorado-farmers-sentenced-federal-prison-and-will-pay-over-65-million\">tampering with rain gauges<\/a>, the Kentucky tobacco farmers who were found to have <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao-edky\/pr\/nicholas-county-man-sentenced-36-months-extensive-crop-fraud-scheme\">falsely reported hail damage<\/a>, and the North Carolina farmer who produced crops that were sold in the names of others and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao-ednc\/pr\/columbus-county-man-receives-11-years-prison-crop-fraud-conspiracy-money-laundering-and\">reported as lost to natural disasters<\/a>.\r\n\r\nAlthough it\u2019s only a small number of farmers and ranchers who look for ways to game the system, the financial savings of rejected claims adds up.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe\u2019ve been able to document a cost avoidance through our Spot Check List program that amounts to more than $1.75 billion over the past 20-plus years,\u201d said Jim Hipple, a physical scientist in the Business Analytics Division of USDA RMA. \u201cCost avoidance is even better than cost recovery because we haven\u2019t paid anything out, so we don\u2019t have that added burden of trying to pull money back.\u201d\r\n\r\n&nbsp;"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":679282,"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"The work by Hipple and others at the Risk Management Agency also helps instill trust in the crop insurance system\u2014an important buffer that protects farmers from major losses due to drought, excessive rain, hail, wind, frost, insects, and disease."},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<h3><strong>The Rise of Field-Level Awareness<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\u201cCrop insurance policies have gotten more specific about the field location,\u201d Hipple said. \u201cThat helped us better understand conditions on each farm.\u201d\r\n\r\nThe USDA's Farm Service Agency, a sister agency to RMA, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/news\/arcuser\/0402\/usda.html#:~:text=As%20part%20of%20its%20effort,easily%20on%20a%20nationwide%20basis.\">mapped the location of every field<\/a> down to what\u2019s known as a common land unit (CLU). To accomplish this digital transformation, more than 2,500 field service centers across the country were equipped with GIS.\r\n\r\nWhen farmers report their planting intentions through their acreage report at the start of a growing season, the field boundaries are compiled into a database. Over nearly a decade, more than 36 million CLU boundaries were recorded along with land ownership, soil, and crop type.\r\n\r\nThese digital records can be easily updated and analyzed to visualize agricultural trends, replacing paper maps. Investigators use this field awareness to ask location questions related to claims and speed the processing of insurance payments after disaster strikes.\r\n\r\n\u201cCLUs started a really big geospatial shift, but it also meant that we had to have a compute platform that could handle it,\u201d Hipple said."},{"acf_fc_layout":"gallery","gallery_images":[679292,679342,679332,679352,679422]},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<h3><strong>A Data Science Partner<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nTo handle big data processing at scale, the USDA works with the Center for Agribusiness Excellence at Tarleton State University in Texas. \u201cWe leverage the advanced analytics from the university effort to better understand the integrity of a policy, and to seek out waste, fraud, and abuse,\u201d Hipple said.\r\n\r\nBy adding tabular data to the map, crop insurance compliance investigators can spot patterns and irregularities that indicate potential insurance problems. The key, according to Troy Thorne, director of the Center for Agribusiness Excellence at Tarleton State University, is in identifying inefficiencies\u2014places where the connection between the land and what it produces seems odd or unusual.\r\n\r\nThorne cited the practice of yield switching as an example. Crop insurance operates on the principle of a yield history. If a field has produced the same crop with the same farming practices for three years, insurers average the output to determine an approved yield history. That figure becomes the baseline for insurance claims."},{"acf_fc_layout":"sidebar","layout":"standard","image_reference":null,"image_reference_figure":"","spotlight_image":null,"section_title":"","spotlight_name":"","position":"Right","content":"<h2><strong>Migrating to the Cloud as Part of a Climate Adaptation Strategy<\/strong><\/h2>\r\nThe Analytics Institute and Center for Agribusiness Excellence at Tarleton State University in Texas is one of two contractors the Risk Management Agency (RMA) employs to examine crop insurance claims. Tarleton\u2019s expertise in data science has helped save millions of dollars in claims every year.\r\n\r\nThe center\u2019s director, Troy Thorne, has embraced GIS for its ability to, \u201cpinpoint areas on a map and examine different layers to not only understand our own results but to identify what\u2019s being impacted, why it\u2019s important, and to get the message across.\u201d\r\n\r\nTarleton has been helping migrate RMA\u2019s systems to the cloud to meet the federal government\u2019s cloud-first pledge. At RMA, cloud-based processing is listed as part of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usda.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/3_FPAC_RMA_ClimateAdaptationPlan_2022.pdf\">the agency\u2019s Climate Adaptation Plan<\/a> to reduce the risk of disaster events damaging its systems. Distributed computing is just one adaptation strategy the agency employs to harden its infrastructure.\r\n\r\nFor farmers, Thorne sees a need for more data-driven decision-making. \u201cHaving geospatial and weather data at your fingertips will help farmers make better decisions,\u201d he said. \u201cAs we continue to see our farmland diminish, it\u2019s imperative that we help farmers address these challenges.\u201d\r\n\r\nUSDA recently updated the federal crop insurance program to include conservation and climate-smart activities as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rma.usda.gov\/News-Room\/Press\/Press-Releases\/2023-News\/USDA-Improves-Crop-Insurance-to-Better-Support-Conservation-Climate-Smart-Practices\">good farming practices<\/a>. This means that a long list of new approaches can be insured against losses, including steps to conserve soil, water, air, animals, and energy resources.","snippet":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"To raise the baseline, a farmer might record the accurate overall yield total for all fields but move the numbers around to inflate one field\u2019s total, thus raising that field\u2019s yield history. When that field produces a normal yield the next year, it will appear to have underperformed, providing the basis for a potential insurance claim.\r\n\r\n\u201cYield switching is a big deal,\u201d Thorne said. \u201cYou improve the outcome of your insurance claim without actually suffering the losses.\u201d\r\n\r\nThe ability to see all related data on a map rather than in a tabular format has helped analysts and investigators find incidents of yield switching and other anomalies.\r\n\r\n\u201cAs a tabular perspective, it kind of gets lost in the detail,\u201d Thorne said. \u201cBut when you add the geospatial layer and drop these things on a map, you can look at historical yields, and see that the farmer\u2019s yields are constantly fluctuating.\u201d\r\n<h3><strong>Empowered Analysts with Remarkable Results<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nToday, the USDA's RMA has extended access to GIS insights across its team of 90 compliance investigators. Maps and data allow these investigators to dig into the forensics of farming\u2014including plant time versus harvest time, crop yields, and the impact of moisture.\r\n\r\nThe biggest leap, according to Thorne, has been in the nuances of their analysis. They can compare each claimant\u2019s farms to those in similar geographies and consider geographic features in assessing claims.\r\n\r\n\u201cYour nearest neighbor from a geospatial perspective might be two states away, because that\u2019s where the soil, slope, and climate match,\u201d Thorne said. \u201cOne inch of rain on a sloped field versus a flat field makes a big difference. All these itty bitty things that are geospatially related become very important when you\u2019re trying to estimate crop yields or validate crop loss claims.\u201d\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLearn more about how <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/industries\/insurance\/strategies\/risk-management\">insurers apply location intelligence to mitigate risk<\/a>."}],"references":null},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Federal Crop Insurance Program Gains a Game-Changing Geospatial Awareness<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The USDA&#039;s Risk Management Agency uses geospatial analysis to maintain the integrity of the federal crop insurance program.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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