{"id":684882,"date":"2024-09-17T14:16:36","date_gmt":"2024-09-17T21:16:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/?post_type=blog&#038;p=684882"},"modified":"2024-09-17T16:40:59","modified_gmt":"2024-09-17T23:40:59","slug":"ejnyc-maps-environmental-health-inequities","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/blog\/ejnyc-maps-environmental-health-inequities","title":{"rendered":"How a New Mapping Tool Is Guiding New York City Toward Environmental Justice"},"author":671,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"sync_status":"","episode_type":"","audio_file":"","transcript_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","castos_file_data":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[],"tags":[474552,271,489782,476042],"industry":[],"esri-blog-category":[478882],"esri_blog_department":[478192,478212],"class_list":["post-684882","blog","type-blog","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","tag-environmental-justice","tag-mapping","tag-mayors-office","tag-new-york-city","esri-blog-category-transparency","esri_blog_department-gis-for-good","esri_blog_department-resilience"],"acf":{"video_source":"","video_start":"","video_stop":"","short_description":"The EJNYC Mapping Tool, a pioneering initiative in New York City, illustrates environmental, health, and social inequities.","pdf":{"host_remotely":false,"file":"","file_url":""},"flexible_content":[{"acf_fc_layout":"sidebar","layout":"standard","image_reference":null,"image_reference_figure":"","spotlight_image":null,"section_title":"","spotlight_name":"","position":"Right","content":"The Mayor\u2019s Office of Climate &amp; Environmental Justice aims to empower local communities and government agencies to make informed decisions.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nKey Takeaways\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>The first in history, the citywide EJNYC Report and Mapping Tool aims to be clear and transparent about past and current environmental issues to inform the EJNYC Plan, geared toward improving resource allocation and policy implementation to tackle identified environmental justice issues.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The EJNYC Mapping Tool helps visualize how environmental hazards and risks intersect with health impacts on disadvantaged communities.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>EJNYC includes outreach with communities to back up quantitative data with the lived experiences of impacted New Yorkers, leading to more equitable environmental justice outcomes.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","snippet":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"A years-long effort to increase access to environmental justice for all New Yorkers across the city now has the information to take targeted actions, thanks to a new report and mapping tool.\r\n\r\nThe EJNYC (Environmental Justice New York City) Mapping Tool brings together over 100 layers of data on environmental and health burdens and benefits\u2014data that's often siloed\u2014to help illustrate how factors such as historical housing discrimination intersect with present-day environmental injustices.\r\n\r\nThe map portal and report\u2014the first of their kind in the US\u2014are part of a push to bring a wealth of open data to bear on disproportionate environmental burdens and climate risks. This will empower government agencies and community-based groups to better target their environmental justice efforts.\r\n\r\nBuilt on top of a geographic information system, or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/what-is-gis\/overview\">GIS<\/a>, the mapping tool benefits from map-based data and builds on a number of pioneering geospatial apps the city and federal governments have created to help communities and policymakers pinpoint environmental, social, and health vulnerabilities at the level of a neighborhood\u2014and sometimes a city block.\r\n<h3><strong>Addressing a Citywide Issue Starts at the Neighborhood Scale<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nTo start tackling one of the biggest challenges facing New York, you can learn a lot by looking at the trees.\r\n\r\nDuring the sweltering summer days that are becoming more common, congested streets without tree cover can <a href=\"https:\/\/www.heat.gov\/pages\/urban-heat-islands\">feel up to 20 degrees hotter<\/a>. And across the city, the streets with the least tree shade are overwhelmingly in the most environmentally burdened neighborhoods. These neighborhoods are already prone to higher asthma and hospitalization rates, and are home to disproportionate numbers of Black New Yorkers, who are twice as likely as white residents to die from the effects of extreme heat. Trees do more than address extreme heat. They provide a vital co-benefit of improving air quality.\r\n\r\nThe risks add up quickly, and the troubling relationships behind them aren\u2019t always apparent. The compounding dangers come into focus on the EJNYC Mapping Tool.\r\n\r\n\u201cNew York has recently been classified as a humid, subtropical climate, which has led to hotter and wetter summers,\u201d said Paul Lozito, deputy executive director of the NYC Mayor's Office of Climate &amp; Environmental Justice, which helped produce the EJNYC tool and report. \u201cWe have seen that across the city in recent heatwaves. In addition to fountains and parks mapped in the EJNYC Mapping Tool, we know that something as simple as the shade of a tree can provide five degrees or more of relief. As evidenced in our EJNYC Mapping Tool, EJ [environmental justice] areas have a higher heat vulnerability and lower tree cover.\u201d\r\n\r\nAccording to Lozito, the EJNYC Report provides an opportunity to use that information to address that disparity. \"An example of that is our current NYC Parks initiative to prioritize tree planting in high heat vulnerability neighborhoods,\u201d he said.\r\n\r\nIndividually, the environmental risks and benefits in those and other neighborhoods may not be surprising. \"But add them up,\" he said, and \u201cthe cumulative impacts illustrated by the mapping tool are stark.\u201d"},{"acf_fc_layout":"gallery","gallery_images":[686132,686122]},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<h3><strong>Focusing on Resilience to Climate Change Pressures<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nSince Hurricane Sandy rocked the city in 2012, killing 44 people and leaving behind billions in damages, the city has worked to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/blog\/new-york-city-flood-mapping\/\">protect New Yorkers from coastal flooding<\/a> and other growing climate and environmental risks. As part of a landmark open data initiative, the city has also built public databases and maps focused on the environment, complementing a wealth of state and federal data tools focused on pollution and climate.\r\n\r\nNow, to develop better policies and more equitably allocate resources, officials and community leaders are focusing on the many not-so-visible factors that intersect with those risks, including income levels, race, and access to parks and healthy food. The EJNYC Mapping Tool and Report\u2014part of the city's first comprehensive study of environmental justice\u2014are intended to surface those intersections, pulling data out of separate silos, and tying the risks together to show where the cumulative impacts hit New Yorkers the hardest.\r\n\r\nIn addition to providing much needed data to local community groups, Lozito said the mapping tool will help city agencies make more efficient spending decisions that address climate harms, especially at a time when budgets are under pressure. And it will help officials meet the city\u2019s climate budget mandate that took effect in April 2024\u2014New York was the first major city in the US to consider climate impacts when prioritizing funding.\r\n\r\nThe map and report, shared Lozito, are intended to augment the city's existing environmental justice efforts, a \"piece of the puzzle that we will use as we are designing infrastructure, policies, procedures, and programs to address these harms.\u201d"},{"acf_fc_layout":"gallery","gallery_images":[686192,686202]},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<h3><strong>Taking the Tools to Communities to Take Action<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nEJNYC was first mandated by the New York City Council in 2017 to advance environmental justice. Now, with the report and mapping tool in hand, an advisory board composed of environmental justice advocates and local experts will lead discussions with community representatives about their findings. The Mayor\u2019s Office of Climate &amp; Environmental Justice, the EJ Advisory Board, and an interagency task force will develop the EJNYC Plan, aimed at improving existing processes, implementing new policies, and more fairly allocating resources.\r\n\r\nThe mapping tool could also boost a local all-hands-on-deck effort across the city to tap into billions in federal funds made available through the Biden administration\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/environmentaljustice\/justice40\/\">Justice40<\/a> initiative that calls for distributing 40 percent of its historic climate, clean energy, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/briefing-room\/statements-releases\/2022\/01\/26\/fact-sheet-a-year-advancing-environmental-justice\/\">infrastructure investments<\/a> to disadvantaged communities.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe have the opportunity, with all of the information we have, to tailor our asks of the federal government, to make sure that we identify and highlight and amplify the needs in EJ communities,\u201d Lozito said.\r\n\r\nThe EJNYC Mapping Tool complements a number of federal efforts to put environmental justice on the map. Tools such as the Environmental Protection Agency\u2019s EJScreen and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/blog\/cdc-maps-environmental-justice\/\">Environmental Justice Index<\/a>, built by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Department of Health and Human Services, evaluate communities across the US according to their environmental health risk. In 2021, the White House Council on Environmental Quality released its own geospatial portal, the Climate and Economic Justice Screening Tool (CEJST), to help identify communities eligible for Justice40 funding.\r\n\r\nThe maps show what many environmental justice advocates have long known about what links the places that are most vulnerable to environmental risks: They are of lower income, often speak English as a second language, and face histories of industrial pollution and the discriminatory housing practice known as redlining (also called \"revision\").\r\n\r\n\u201cI think that the city broadly was aware of these issues and has been working for some time to address them,\u201d Lozito said. \u201cMy takeaway is the number of compounding issues that the report reveals.\u201d"},{"acf_fc_layout":"gallery","gallery_images":[686182,686172]},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<h3><strong>Visualizing Intersections of Race and Environmental Hazards<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nWith the <a href=\"https:\/\/experience.arcgis.com\/experience\/6a3da7b920f248af961554bdf01d668b\/page\/Data-Explorer\/\">EJNYC Mapping Tool<\/a>, users can choose from a whopping 105 individual layers of data on environmental hazards and benefits. Select any layer on the right side\u2014for instance, ozone, truck traffic, and green space\u2014and you can start to discover where these effects can combine to produce a perfect storm of harm. Alternatively, buttons on the left-hand side allow you to filter the layers according to six themes: access to resources, exposure to polluted air, exposure to hazardous materials, access to safe and healthy housing, exposure to polluted water, and exposure to climate change.\r\n\r\nAs the map shows:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>EJ Areas comprise 44 percent of all New York City census tracts and 49 percent of its population, with residents who are predominantly Hispanic or Latino (43 percent, compared to 29 percent citywide) and Black (27 percent, compared to 21 percent citywide).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>EJ areas contain more stationary sources of pollution, more observed health disparities, and greater exposure to potential flooding and emissions. For instance, 68 percent of existing and planned last-mile distribution centers or e-commerce facilities are also located in EJ communities.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The impact of racially discriminatory real estate practices persists. 67 percent of the total population in New York City\u2019s historically revised areas\u2014who are disproportionately Black and Hispanic or Latino\u2014live in EJ areas today, compared to 49 percent of the total city population. Previous research has linked redlining to many environmental and<a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/health-shots\/2020\/11\/19\/911909187\/in-u-s-cities-the-health-effects-of-past-housing-discrimination-are-plain-to-see\"> health disparities<\/a>. You can observe these relationships on the map too: A dataset from the University of Richmond illustrates those neighborhoods that were historically redlined.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\u201cThat historical connection is really important to make the argument for why targeted investment and action is necessary,\u201d said Sarah Smyth, a senior consultant at Buro Happold, the engineering and advisory firm that helped develop the report and mapping tool. \u201cBecause these things just don't go away.\u201d\r\n\r\nDiscussions with community members about their lived experiences helped the EJNYC team address head-on some of the unavoidable limitations of quantitative data, and the conflicts that can arise as a result.\r\n\r\n\u201cIf you're going to say that there's an area with a particular kind of environmental harm, you need to understand what informs that,\u201d Lozito said. \u201cLooking at our air quality monitors validates why one community member might think that there's an issue here.\u201d"},{"acf_fc_layout":"gallery","gallery_images":[686142,686112,686152]},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<h3><strong>Meeting the Urgency of the Moment<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nLozito expects the EJNYC Mapping Tool and EJNYC Report will help the city integrate environmental justice into all levels of decision-making. For instance, as the city seeks to address the risks of deadly heat\u2014much as it has sought to do with coastal communities facing rising flood risks\u2014the map could inform where to set up new cooling centers, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/07\/17\/nyregion\/new-york-city-air-conditioners.html\">provide air conditioning units<\/a>, or fund longer term resilience efforts, such as renovating buildings built for a colder climate.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe are now having real conversations about how to address extreme heat with buildings that are well-insulated in brick,\u201d Lozito said.\r\n\r\nThe map is also poised to help inform local efforts to apply for federal funding and lobby for new policies. <a href=\"http:\/\/weact.org\/\">WE ACT for Environmental Justice<\/a>, based in Harlem, opened a center last fall to help nonprofit organizations apply for money from the federal Inflation Reduction Act, where grant writers can get advice on developing funding proposals.\r\n\r\nAt a launch event in April, Peggy Shepard, the executive director of WE ACT for Environmental Justice and chair of the advisory board, described the new report and interactive tool as a \u201cmilestone moment\u201d for environmental justice in the city.\r\n\r\n\u201cWhen I first started campaigning for environmental justice 36 years ago, one of our goals was to ensure that environmental justice was on the city\u2019s agenda, that our leaders understood the disproportionate burdens that our communities face, and that that they would be willing to work together toward equitable solutions to really address those disparities,\u201d she said. \u201cWe\u2019re all eager to enter the next phase, which is developing a comprehensive citywide plan to address the environmental justice issues that are identified in the report.\u201d\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLearn more about how <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/racial-equity\/overview\">GIS is used to advance racial equity and social and environmental justice.<\/a>\r\n\r\n<em>View a video tour of EJNYC below.<\/em>"},{"acf_fc_layout":"youtube","youtube_video_url":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=u2soxbBIWiQ"},{"acf_fc_layout":"sidebar","layout":"standard","image_reference":null,"image_reference_figure":"","spotlight_image":null,"section_title":"","spotlight_name":"","position":"Center","content":"<h2><strong>Collaborating to Focus on Improving Environments<\/strong><\/h2>\r\nAfter a series of initial meetings in mid-2022, a multidisciplinary team of sustainability advisers, equity experts, and researchers was assembled to coordinate the process of building the report and mapping tool. The complexity of the process\u2014which was bound to involve a mix of stakeholders with overlapping but often diverging goals\u2014was reflected in the makeup of the team. Led by Buro Happold, the 20-person team included community-focused urban design nonprofit Hester Street, as well as experts from Rhie Planning, HOUSEOFCAKES, WXY, Creative Urban Alchemy, Ki Strategies, Lion Advisors, UHope Consulting, and New Deal Strategies. Esri's New York City office provided input on the development and design of the mapping tool in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/arcgis\/geospatial-platform\/overview\">ArcGIS<\/a>.\r\n\r\nOne of the first challenges in building the map involved establishing a framework for spatially and quantitatively assessing environmental justice across the city. That involved determining which of over a hundred datasets about environmental hazards and city programs would be most relevant and reliable, and figuring out how best to interpret that data according to its on-the-ground impacts.\r\n\r\nTo plot the city\u2019s EJ communities, the authors relied on New York State\u2019s Disadvantaged Communities (DAC) criteria. This data, first mandated by the state legislature in 2019, is based on 45 indicators that represent the environmental burdens on a community, along with population characteristics and health vulnerabilities that can contribute to more severe adverse effects. The researchers updated this dataset using the U.S. Census Bureau\u2019s 2021 American Community Survey, and tapped into an array of other federal and state sources.\r\n\r\nEach data point on the map offers a pop-up window that reveals context and links to the data\u2019s source and additional resources about city programs that address environmental injustice. Clicking the dots to the right of an individual layer allows you to observe more details, change its transparency, or export the layer; other buttons allow users to export the current map as a PDF or share it on the web.\r\n\r\nIn addition to dozens of databases, the team sought to incorporate qualitative input from communities most affected by environmental injustices. Through interviews and focus groups, the team ultimately spoke with 42 New Yorkers living or working in environmental justice communities, and drew on thousands of comments from other residents, along with the input of the advisory board and working group.\r\n\r\n\"Unlike other EJ mapping tools,\" said Sarah Smyth, a senior consultant at Buro Happold, the EJNYC Mapping Tool \u201ctakes a bit broader of a perspective and lens of what these issues are, because the community was really involved in identifying what those should be in the first place.\u201d","snippet":""}],"references":null},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How a New Mapping Tool Is Guiding New York City Toward Environmental Justice<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The EJNYC Mapping Tool, a pioneering initiative in New York City, illustrates environmental, health, and social 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