{"id":717102,"date":"2025-01-07T06:13:08","date_gmt":"2025-01-07T14:13:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/?post_type=blog&#038;p=717102"},"modified":"2025-01-07T06:52:30","modified_gmt":"2025-01-07T14:52:30","slug":"tracing-hawaiis-critical-infrastructure-connections","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/blog\/tracing-hawaiis-critical-infrastructure-connections","title":{"rendered":"Tracing Critical Infrastructure Connections in Hawai\u2018i to Address Threats and Ensure Continuity of Service"},"author":671,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"sync_status":"","episode_type":"","audio_file":"","castos_file_data":"","podmotor_file_id":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"industry":[],"esri-blog-category":[478292],"esri_blog_department":[478202],"class_list":["post-717102","blog","type-blog","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","esri-blog-category-energy","esri_blog_department-infrastructure"],"acf":{"video_source":"","video_start":"","video_stop":"","short_description":"To plan for natural disasters, the Hawai\u02bbi State Energy Office quantifies and maps risk to understand infrastructure vulnerabilities.","pdf":{"host_remotely":false,"file":"","file_url":""},"flexible_content":[{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>Hawaiian Electric's Kahe Power Plant at Kahe Point, West O<strong>\u2018<\/strong>ahu, Hawai<strong>\u2018<\/strong>i<\/em><\/p>"},{"acf_fc_layout":"sidebar","layout":"standard","image_reference":null,"image_reference_figure":"","spotlight_image":null,"section_title":"","spotlight_name":"","position":"Right","content":"To understand and prepare for natural disasters, the Hawai<strong>\u2018<\/strong>i State Energy Office quantifies risk to understand infrastructure vulnerabilities, and then visualize the relationships between infrastructure and the people who depend on it.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Key Takeaways<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>The Hawai<strong>\u2018<\/strong>i State Energy Office devised a way to quantify risk, especially to critical infrastructure, from natural disasters.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>This information is the foundation for the agency\u2019s Geospatial Decision Support System (GDSS), which provides a way to visualize the way critical energy infrastructure enables community lifelines.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>GIS maps and dashboards enable prioritization and risk management for critical infrastructure and community lifeline pathways in Hawai<strong>\u2018<\/strong>i.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","snippet":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"Petroleum has a single path into Hawai<strong>\u2018<\/strong>i.\r\n\r\nTwo miles off the coast of O<strong>\u2018<\/strong>ahu, the state\u2019s most populous island, tanker ships offload crude oil onto a floating terminal. An underwater pipeline brings it to Hawai<strong>\u2018<\/strong>i\u2019s sole refinery, in Kapolei.\r\n\r\nTwo 23-mile distribution pipelines send a portion of the refinery\u2019s output\u2014which includes gasoline and aviation fuel\u2014to Honolulu, Hawai<strong>\u2018<\/strong>i\u2019s capital and largest city. Another portion travels on barges to other Hawaiian Islands. Additional pipelines carry fuel for the electrical grid to power plants around the island.\r\n\r\nIf a natural disaster destroyed\u2014or even disrupted\u2014the refinery or its assets, that would be bad. But how bad? And how likely is it to happen?\r\n\r\nThe Hawai<strong>\u2018<\/strong>i State Energy Office (HSEO) can put a number on it. These numbers are the foundation of an award-winning tool, the Geospatial Decision Support System (GDSS), built and supported by a geographic information system (GIS).\r\n<h3><strong>A Fully Integrated Risk Tool<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\u201cIt\u2019s a fully integrated mapping, risk assessment, and mitigation generator,\u201d said Jon Chin, manager, resilience, clean transportation and analytics at HSEO. \u201cIt packages all of these things we do.\u201d\r\n\r\nThe GDSS has become a common operating picture of critical infrastructure for Hawai<strong>\u2018<\/strong>i state agencies. For this work, HSEO earned <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nascio.org\/app\/uploads\/2024\/08\/HI_Emerging-Innovative-Technologies.pdf\">an award for innovation<\/a> from the National Association of State Chief Information Officers."},{"acf_fc_layout":"gallery","gallery_images":[717172,717202,717162,717212]},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"To build the system, the HSEO team began by compiling a primary list of critical energy infrastructure, including power plants, electrical substations, the oil refinery, pipelines, and fuel terminals. They examined what emergency managers call community lifelines\u2014the services that keep society healthy and secure, including fire and police stations, hospitals, pumping stations, senior residences, shelters, important government buildings, and emergency operations centers.\r\n\r\nEvery community lifeline requires critical energy infrastructure to function. If a part of the infrastructure chain is disrupted, the downstream lifeline suffers.\r\n<h3><strong>Scoring Risk for Community Lifelines<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\u201cThe novel thing about what we built is that it explores the relationships between the energy infrastructure and those community lifelines,\u201d Chin said. \u201cWe use the lifelines to quantify the consequences of losing any node that serves that lifeline.\u201d\r\n\r\nTo quantify risk, the team placed the most important lifelines on a GIS map of O<strong>\u2018<\/strong>ahu. They assessed the relative impact each had on local communities, added layers of infrastructure\u2014electrical, oil, natural gas, and several others\u2014and observed how they connected with the lifelines.\r\n\r\n\u201cOnce we had the information about who was getting served and the relative importance of each lifeline to the local community, you could count up the scores,\u201d Chin said. \u201cKnowing if this substation serves 5 lifelines and that one serves 10, we're able to quantify the consequences and determine which node is more critical.\u201d\r\n\r\nThey also employed historic climate data and probabilistic models to assess the likelihood of disasters impacting infrastructure and the relative vulnerability of each infrastructure type to various hazards. Substations, for example, are very vulnerable to flooding while overhead transmission lines are more prone to high winds.\r\n\r\nConsidering all this information\u2014the importance or consequence of losing a piece of infrastructure, its vulnerabilities, and the likelihood of disruption\u2014the team tallied risk scores for each.\r\n<h3><strong>Dual Perspectives for Advanced Visualization<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nWith scores in hand, the team went to work on visualizing the data and creating the GDSS. They layered different energy infrastructure types and community lifelines onto the map, along with geospatial data for likely hazards.\r\n\r\nBecause the main objective was to consider relationships, as opposed to marking exact locations of infrastructure the way a surveyor might, the map came together quickly.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe wanted to map it, so we mapped it,\u201d Chin said. \u201cBut we also wanted to really understand those relationships, and that was the tricky part.\u201d"},{"acf_fc_layout":"gallery","gallery_images":[717402,717122,717142,717152]},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"To display those relationships, the team decided on a dual approach by designing the GDSS with two tabs. Each offers a different perspective on the relationships.\r\n\r\nOne tab displays the map of the island, with infrastructure, hazards, and lifelines. A dashboard lists the relevant risk scores.\r\n\r\nIn lieu of the map, the second tab uses link charts to display hierarchical relationships. With a graphic that resembles a decision tree, one can see how the floating terminal and refinery, for instance, connect to pipelines, barges, and terminals.\r\n<h3><strong>Hope for the Best, Plan for the Worst<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nThe GDSS provides a way to prioritize mitigation strategies. It allows HSEO\u2019s government partners\u2014the Hawai<strong>\u2018<\/strong>i Office of Homeland Security and the Hawai<strong>\u2018<\/strong>i Emergency Management Agency\u2014along with utility companies, the military, and other stakeholders, to collaborate on shared goals.\r\n\r\nThe GDSS strengthens Hawai<strong>\u2018<\/strong>i\u2019s preparedness for energy emergencies and disruptions.\r\n\r\n\u201cWe haven\u2019t used it yet in a live event, but it\u2019s certainly going to be useful when [a disaster occurs], because we\u2019ll understand these relationships,\u201d Chin said. \u201cIf we find out that a critical node is down, we\u2019ll know the cascading impacts, as well.\u201d\r\n\r\nThe tool also provides a user-friendly way to communicate data when applying for federal grants.\r\n\r\n\u201cA lot of other states can say, \u2018Well, we know the refinery is important,\u2019\u201d Chin said. \u201cBut we actually have quantifiable data and a map to support that.\u201d\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLearn more about how <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/industries\/electric\/initiatives\/emergency-management\">GIS supports utility emergency management<\/a> to prepare, respond, restore, and recover."},{"acf_fc_layout":"sidebar","layout":"standard","image_reference":null,"image_reference_figure":"","spotlight_image":null,"section_title":"","spotlight_name":"","position":"Center","content":"<h2><strong>Power Over the Mountains<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In August 2023, a devastating wildfire destroyed most of the town of Lahaina, Hawai<strong>\u2018<\/strong>i, on the island of Maui. The fire demonstrated the volatile interface between nature and infrastructure. Initially sparked by downed powerlines, the blaze was fueled by a combination of drought conditions, combustible invasive plants, and the island\u2019s topography, which caused dry winds to sweep down from the mountains.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The following month, the House Committee on Energy and Commerce's Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations convened a hearing entitled \"Investigating the Role of Electric Infrastructure in the Catastrophic Maui Fire,\" which examined the role of electric infrastructure in the fire's ignition and spread. In his testimony, the chief energy officer of the Hawai<strong>\u2018<\/strong>i State Energy Office (HSEO) reviewed the comprehensive analysis, plan, and execution of <a href=\"https:\/\/energy.hawaii.gov\/app\/uploads\/2022\/08\/EnC_Testimony_MGlick_2023-09-25.pdf\">electrical grid modernization efforts<\/a> underway throughout the state.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">One of the highlighted efforts was the Advance Assistance project under FEMA's Hazard Mitigation Grant Program to evaluate facilities and areas on O<strong>\u2018<\/strong>ahu to determine appropriate mitigation measures. One of the mitigation measures identified is a critical custom hub project that involves building microgrids on O<strong>\u2018<\/strong>ahu's windward coast, home to 11 percent of the island's one million residents, separated from the rest of the island by the Ko<strong>\u2018<\/strong>olau Range. Power plants in west and central O<strong>\u2018<\/strong>ahu supply the windward coast with electricity via transmission lines that traverse remote parts of the mountains, accessible only by helicopter.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">These transmission lines have received some of the highest risk scores in HSEO\u2019s assessment of O<strong>\u2018<\/strong>ahu\u2019s infrastructure. The scores reflect the vulnerability of the island\u2019s overhead powerlines to wind, wildfires, and landslides; the precarious positioning of these three power lines; and the large number of people they serve.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The risk scores became a key part of HSEO\u2019s GIS tool, the Geospatial Decision Support System. On the map, one can see the three powerlines and connect them to the large community that relies on them.<\/p>","snippet":""}],"references":null},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Tracing Critical Infrastructure Connections in Hawai\u2018i to Address Threats and Ensure Continuity of Service<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"To plan for natural disasters, the Hawai\u02bbi State Energy Office quantifies and maps risk to understand infrastructure vulnerabilities.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/blog\/tracing-hawaiis-critical-infrastructure-connections\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" 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