{"id":771252,"date":"2026-09-08T07:24:25","date_gmt":"2026-09-08T14:24:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/?post_type=blog&#038;p=771252"},"modified":"2026-09-08T08:02:07","modified_gmt":"2026-09-08T15:02:07","slug":"lebanons-crisis-coordination-system","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/about\/newsroom\/blog\/lebanons-crisis-coordination-system","title":{"rendered":"Tracking A Million Displaced People in Real Time: Lebanon\u2019s Crisis Coordination System"},"author":671,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"sync_status":"","episode_type":"","audio_file":"","transcript_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","castos_file_data":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[],"tags":[472141,493369,338402,369892,443671],"industry":[],"esri-blog-category":[478762],"esri_blog_department":[478192],"class_list":["post-771252","blog","type-blog","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","tag-conflict","tag-displaced-people","tag-food","tag-lebanon","tag-shelter","esri-blog-category-humanitarian-response","esri_blog_department-gis-for-good"],"acf":{"video_source":"","video_start":"","video_stop":"","short_description":"Lebanon built a crisis coordination system by positioning it as a transparent bridge between government, UN agencies, and communities.","pdf":{"host_remotely":false,"file":"","file_url":""},"flexible_content":[{"acf_fc_layout":"sidebar","layout":"standard","image_reference":null,"image_reference_figure":"","spotlight_image":null,"section_title":"","spotlight_name":"","position":"Right","content":"Lebanon created a single source of truth where government, UN agencies, and local authorities all contribute data, enabling coordinated response.\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Key Takeaways<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Real-time data collection captured the needs of families fleeing violence.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Live dashboards showed shelter capacity and displacement patterns, enabling authorities to direct people to available safe spaces.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A unified platform matched aid deliveries with needs, preventing waste and ensuring no shelter was overlooked or oversupplied.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","snippet":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since the 2020 Beirut port explosion, the Lebanese Red Cross (LRC) has been strengthening its crisis preparedness and response capacities through a continuous learning process from crisis to crisis.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On September 23, 2024. Mobile phones flashed: <em>EVACUATE IMMEDIATELY<\/em>. Within hours, the main highway north was gridlocked. What should have been a two-hour drive to Beirut stretched to 14 hours as families fled with whatever they could grab.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By nightfall, hundreds were dead, thousands injured, and tens of thousands were on the move, seeking safety. Over the following days, as armed conflict escalated, the number of displaced people surged from 100,000 to 1.3 million\u2014more than a quarter of Lebanon\u2019s population uprooted in less than a week.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">LRC developed and refined a system for tracking casualties, displacement, shelter needs, environmental impacts, vulnerability, and health risks, in coordination with the National Disaster Risk Management (DRM) Unit, Lebanon\u2019s National Council for Scientific Research (CNRS), government ministries, UN agencies, and local actors. LRC tracked it all with field surveys, real-time data, and machine learning.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As the war intensified, LRC activated emergency operation rooms at the governorate, local, and ministry level and developed tools to monitor displaced people both inside and outside shelters\u2014tracking arrivals, departures, remaining residents, people with disabilities, older people, and other vulnerable groups.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As of March 2026, when the war broke out again, Lebanon\u2019s crisis coordination system was still running. More than a million people have been displaced by renewed bombardment. Many of them returned to the same shelters they fled to just 15 months before. The system tracking them was not built for this moment. It was built through years of crisis response.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Schools became emergency shelters overnight. Families who had fled earlier conflicts, along with Syrian refugees, found themselves displaced again. And amid the chaos, dozens of humanitarian organizations mobilized to help, each rushing to deliver aid through their own systems and networks.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Without coordination, that goodwill turned to waste. \u201cPeople were throwing away food at some shelters, and in other places they were not receiving anything,\u201d said Dr. Chadi Abdallah, director of research at CNRS. International aid organizations, each with their own data collection forms and reporting systems, couldn\u2019t see the complete picture. Local relief groups distributed aid through their own networks.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But Lebanon\u2019s geographic information system (GIS) changed that. As panic turned into provisioning, all those actors began working from the same maps, the same shelter lists, the same needs assessments.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lebanon didn\u2019t start from scratch. Syrian refugees required long-term displacement tracking. The Beirut blast demanded rapid damage assessment. A cholera outbreak meant coordinating door-to-door vaccination campaigns. Each crisis built the foundation, and by 2024 the system was ready.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2023, LRC formalized its experience into a preparedness and response system built for worst-case escalation, including scenarios where individual-level tracking wouldn\u2019t be possible, and worked with humanitarian partners to standardize terminology and reporting across shelters.<\/p>"},{"acf_fc_layout":"gallery","gallery_images":[771255,387311,771256]},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>The System Activates<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Within days of the September 2024 crisis, the Lebanese Red Cross (LRC) deployed 120 team members to 20 operation rooms. Kassem Chaalan, disaster risk reduction program manager at LRC, had spent years training these volunteers to use GIS technology for humanitarian response and resource coordination. Now they put that training to work, tracking more than 1,000 shelter sites in real-time.<\/p>\r\nShelters had been identified and mapped with GIS just prior to the escalation, with their capacities, locations, and conditions, allowing operation rooms to guide displaced families toward available spaces based on proximity, needs, and real-time occupancy.\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cWhen internally displaced people called our operation rooms seeking support, we could direct them to open shelters,\u201d Chaalan said. When shelters filled, the team marked them as full and redirected families to shelters that still had room.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Lebanese government\u2019s National Emergency Plan had anticipated mass displacement and designated how government agencies, humanitarian groups, and scientific institutions would coordinate response across ten humanitarian sectors. LRC had already surveyed every school\u2014space, rooms, and conditions. When the Ministry of Education designated schools as emergency shelters, LRC had the facility data mapped.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Three entities coordinated the national operations room. CNRS provided scientific modeling and standardization. DRM supplied map data and disaster assessment. As an auxiliary to the government, LRC activated its emergency medical services, blood bank, volunteers, disaster risk management, and disaster risk reduction teams on the ground, using data architecture to support response data collection, analysis, and decision-making.<\/p>"},{"acf_fc_layout":"gallery","gallery_images":[771257,771258,771263]},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Mapping Needs and Resources<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bashar Mokdad at the DRM Unit described how inputs were aggregated to track changing conditions. \u201cOur role ensures that data coming from different actors is standardized, classified, and validated,\u201d he said. \u201cThis not only allowed us to unify systems, but also to reduce duplication in both reporting and aid distribution.\u201d The DRM Unit harmonized inputs from UN agencies, local NGOs, the High Relief Commission, and the Council of the South\u2014each using different reporting systems\u2014into a single dashboard. Public dashboards extended that transparency outward, giving citizens and decision-makers a live view of the response and a clear record of who delivered what, where, and when.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cThe Lebanese Red Cross played a critical role,\u201d Mokdad said, \u201cdeploying trained responders across governorates who were highly experienced in GIS and contributed directly to data management at the national level.\u201d<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Field teams used surveys to record and map each family\u2019s situation\u2014where they came from, where they were sheltering, and what they needed. When a shelter housed pregnant women or elderly people, partners could direct specific supplies and services.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Organizations with reporting systems integrated Lebanese government data directly. Those without established systems received credentials to access the Lebanese aid coordination system. A system of systems approach emerged to gather a complete picture and deliver aid to those in need.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Only about 200,000 people\u2014roughly 20 percent\u2014found space in the thousand-plus emergency shelters. The remaining million stayed with relatives, rented apartments, or found other accommodations\u2014but still needed help. The Ministry of Social Affairs, working with the World Food Program (WFP) and the World Bank, planned cash assistance programs to help families meet their immediate needs. But first, they needed to know the location of people outside shelters.<\/p>"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":772586,"image_position":"right","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The partners created a survey distributed through local authorities, reaching people wherever they had found temporary shelter. To build trust in the survey, the government addressed data security concerns head-on. Information about individual needs was stored on Lebanese servers, not in the cloud. Personal details remained hidden in public dashboards, which showed only aggregate numbers. The survey included explicit consent language and phone numbers for local operation rooms where people could verify its authenticity.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">LRC developed a self-registration tool and supported field tracking so municipalities could identify displaced people living outside shelters, in coordination with the Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Social Affairs, WFP, and local NGOs. The effort captured information on about 900,000 displaced people in host communities or requesting cash assistance. The survey was successful in gathering details from 90 percent of those displaced. \u201cThis information was the key to help families start rebuilding,\u201d Chaalan said.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Coordinating Deliveries<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The system matched aid deliveries with actual needs for shelter populations and displaced families outside shelters. It tracked aid from UN agencies, international organizations, and local groups to prevent duplicate deliveries.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cWe found out there were duplications not only at the UN and international organization level but at the local level,\u201d Chaalan said. \u201cLocal institutions provided goods that were not reported.\u201d So LRC teams gathered data on what every shelter had received.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daily calls identified gaps. Before distributing aid, coordinators informed the operation room which shelters they planned to visit and what they would deliver. \u201cThen we put it in the system\u2014it\u2019s booked for this institution,\u201d Chaalan said. \u201cEven if it\u2019s not yet delivered, it\u2019s recorded, so other organizations know to provide their goods elsewhere.\u201d<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shelter managers, sector leads, and displaced people provided feedback that refined the system.<\/p>"},{"acf_fc_layout":"gallery","gallery_images":[771261,771259,771260,771262]},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Guiding Recovery<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When the ceasefire took hold in late November 2024, the system shifted from tracking needs to guiding return. The same data now guided which communities to rebuild first.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CNRS worked with the World Bank on a rapid damage and needs assessment covering 253 villages. The assessment recorded damage from aerial bombardment and ground conflict and estimated $12 billion in needs. The World Bank secured $250 million in loans for infrastructure repair\u2013just 2 percent of what was required. With limited funding, prioritization was essential.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cWe needed to prioritize which villages we are going to work on,\u201d Abdallah said. CNRS developed a GIS model that balanced multiple factors: the extent of damage, distance from economic centers, and critically, the population displaced from each area.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That prioritization now guides World Bank spending\u2013and determines which communities get rebuilt first.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>A Template for Coordination<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lebanon\u2019s experience demonstrates what becomes possible when government agencies, UN partners, and aid organizations work from shared geographic data rather than parallel systems. CNRS standardized the data. The DRM unit provided maps and assessment tools. LRC designed surveys and dashboards, trained personnel, and validated data to support decision-making across sectors and levels. UN agencies brought sector expertise. International organizations contributed field data. The innovation was using GIS to enable coordination at scale under crisis conditions with limited resources.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The approach is spreading. The Philippines invited Lebanese experts to share lessons on coordinating multiple organizations with limited budgets. Red Cross societies in Germany, Morocco, and Ukraine are adapting the model.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cThe system is very powerful because we would not be able to coordinate actions without it,\u201d Chaalan said. \u201cBut if you have the system but you don\u2019t know the on-the-ground dynamics, it will not work.\u201d<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In a region where crisis is \u2018business as usual,\u2019 as Abdallah puts it, that pathway matters. The next crisis is already here.<\/p>\r\nRenewed bombardment has almost exactly mirrored the scale of the 66-day war. Many families have returned to shelters they know. Lebanon\u2019s DRM unit is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2026\/3\/17\/mapping-israeli-attacks-and-the-displacement-of-one-million-in-lebanon\">tracking 1,049,328 registered displaced people<\/a> using the re-activated crisis coordination system.\r\n\r\nThis time, the Ministry of Social Affairs is administering the self-registration survey. Despite exhaustion of repeated displacement, response rates have increased. The trust that took years to build is holding.\r\n\r\nThe system serving and receiving them is stronger too\u2014deepened by the Lebanese government and the teams who know these people and this land.\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Learn more about how <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/industries\/humanitarian\/overview\">humanitarian assistance groups use GIS to prepare, manage, and deliver effective responses<\/a>.<\/p>"},{"acf_fc_layout":"sidebar","layout":"standard","image_reference":null,"image_reference_figure":"","spotlight_image":null,"section_title":"","spotlight_name":"","position":"Center","content":"<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Why Other Countries Are Studying Lebanon\u2019s Crisis Response<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lebanon\u2019s approach to crisis coordination\u2014born from repeated emergencies and limited resources\u2014has caught international attention. In 2025, the Philippines invited Lebanese experts to participate in emergency preparedness drills, seeking lessons on how to coordinate multiple organizations with constrained budgets.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What draws other countries is Lebanon\u2019s practicality. Rather than building expensive parallel systems, Lebanon brought government agencies, UN partners, and aid organizations together around shared geographic data. The innovation was coordination, not costly new infrastructure.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That approach reflects a broader shift in humanitarian response\u2014from international organizations leading relief efforts to locally-owned systems that strengthen rather than bypass national capacity. When international organizations build crisis systems, the data and insights often disappear when funding ends or emergencies subside. Lebanon\u2019s approach persists because it\u2019s maintained by institutions with permanent presence and local legitimacy.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other Red Cross societies worldwide are now studying the model. German Red Cross is adapting it for Ukraine. Morocco expressed interest after seeing Lebanon\u2019s presentation at regional meetings.\u00a0The key, Chaalan suggests, is building local ownership from the start. \u201cYou cannot serve the community without empowering the system,\u201d he said, \u201cand locally owned systems strengthen the government institutions that serve local needs long after international organizations leave.\u201d<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Esri\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/c\/industry\/humanitarian\/geospatial-enablement-for-disaster-risk-management\">Geospatial Enablement for Disaster Risk Management<\/a> program supports this approach, helping local institutions build and maintain their own crisis response capabilities.<\/p>","snippet":""}],"references":null},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Lebanon\u2019s Crisis Coordination System Tracks Displaced 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