{"id":1066281,"date":"2020-11-25T08:55:29","date_gmt":"2020-11-25T16:55:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/?post_type=blog&p=1066281"},"modified":"2020-11-25T12:41:12","modified_gmt":"2020-11-25T20:41:12","slug":"red-green-what","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis-living-atlas\/mapping\/red-green-what","title":{"rendered":"Red \u2026 Green \u2026 What?"},"author":4491,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_searchwp_excluded":""},"categories":[22941],"tags":[28911,23201,26451,757641,40161],"industry":[],"product":[36581],"class_list":["post-1066281","blog","type-blog","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mapping","tag-accessibility","tag-cartographic-design","tag-cartography","tag-color-blindness","tag-living-atlas-of-the-world","product-arcgis-living-atlas"],"acf":{"short_description":"Sometimes it seems we are obsessed with using red and green in our maps, but for some people this is a problem.","flexible_content":[{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"

Sometimes it seems we are obsessed with using red and green in our maps. It\u2019s an easy option! Red for bad, green for good \u2026 yes?\u00a0 But some users have difficulty differentiating between red and green. About 8% of the world\u2019s population (overwhelmingly, but not exclusively, male), suffer from some form of color blindness, and over 99% of them have a red-green deficiency.<\/p>\n

However, it\u2019s not an all or nothing prospect. There are differing degrees of color blindness, and no two people will see colors in exactly the same way.<\/p>\n

So maybe we are overstating it! – The number of badly<\/em> affected people is much smaller \u2026 And that red-green combination is such an intuitive connection \u2026<\/p>\n

Well, ask around your colleagues. I know of at least 3 people I work with on a regular basis who have problems with red and green, and those are the ones that are aware of it. Many sufferers are not, and they might find your map confusing, if not unreadable. At best they might think it\u2019s a bad design.<\/p>\n

But I need my red and green!<\/h3>\n

Well, try to get over it\u2026 but if you really must use them there are things you can do to make the map clearer.<\/p>\n

The biggest problem is with mid-range reds\/oranges and greens.<\/p>\n

On the left is a red and green as seen by a person with normal color vision, and on the right a simulation of what someone with the most common deficiency, \u2018Deuteranopia\u2019 (green-blindness) might see.<\/p>\n

Note, if these two look similar to you, you may have color blindness.<\/em><\/p>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":{"ID":1066611,"id":1066611,"title":"RedGreen_Combo_2_1","filename":"RedGreen_Combo_2_1.jpg","filesize":2440,"url":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/RedGreen_Combo_2_1.jpg","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis-living-atlas\/mapping\/red-green-what\/redgreen_combo_2_1","alt":"","author":"4491","description":"","caption":"","name":"redgreen_combo_2_1","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":1066281,"date":"2020-11-24 23:27:37","modified":"2020-11-24 23:27:37","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","type":"image","subtype":"jpeg","icon":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":1024,"height":140,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/RedGreen_Combo_2_1-213x140.jpg","thumbnail-width":213,"thumbnail-height":140,"medium":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/RedGreen_Combo_2_1.jpg","medium-width":464,"medium-height":63,"medium_large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/RedGreen_Combo_2_1.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":105,"large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/RedGreen_Combo_2_1.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":140,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/RedGreen_Combo_2_1.jpg","1536x1536-width":1024,"1536x1536-height":140,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/RedGreen_Combo_2_1.jpg","2048x2048-width":1024,"2048x2048-height":140,"card_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/RedGreen_Combo_2_1-826x113.jpg","card_image-width":826,"card_image-height":113,"wide_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/RedGreen_Combo_2_1.jpg","wide_image-width":1024,"wide_image-height":140}},"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"

For people with this condition both colors tend to devolve into a muddy yellow. That suggests that one way we can make a distinction between them is to reduce the amount of yellow in one of these colors.<\/p>\n

Let’s start with the Red. Here, using the HSV color picker, I\u2019ve moved the hue away from the yellow:<\/p>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":{"ID":1066911,"id":1066911,"title":"ColorPicker_2_1","filename":"ColorPicker_2_1.jpg","filesize":36329,"url":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/ColorPicker_2_1.jpg","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis-living-atlas\/mapping\/red-green-what\/colorpicker_2_1","alt":"","author":"4491","description":"","caption":"","name":"colorpicker_2_1","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":1066281,"date":"2020-11-25 16:49:29","modified":"2020-11-25 16:49:29","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","type":"image","subtype":"jpeg","icon":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":1100,"height":297,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/ColorPicker_2_1-213x200.jpg","thumbnail-width":213,"thumbnail-height":200,"medium":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/ColorPicker_2_1.jpg","medium-width":464,"medium-height":125,"medium_large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/ColorPicker_2_1.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":207,"large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/ColorPicker_2_1.jpg","large-width":1100,"large-height":297,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/ColorPicker_2_1.jpg","1536x1536-width":1100,"1536x1536-height":297,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/ColorPicker_2_1.jpg","2048x2048-width":1100,"2048x2048-height":297,"card_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/ColorPicker_2_1-826x223.jpg","card_image-width":826,"card_image-height":223,"wide_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/ColorPicker_2_1.jpg","wide_image-width":1100,"wide_image-height":297}},"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"

Use a color blindness simulator (I use Color Oracle<\/a>) to see the effect.\u00a0 For Deuteranopia, there is a \u2018sweet spot\u2019 where the red appears gray (go further, and it will start to appear blue). Here are the new colors:<\/p>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":{"ID":1066631,"id":1066631,"title":"RedGreen_Combo_2_2","filename":"RedGreen_Combo_2_2.jpg","filesize":2932,"url":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/RedGreen_Combo_2_2.jpg","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis-living-atlas\/mapping\/red-green-what\/redgreen_combo_2_2","alt":"","author":"4491","description":"","caption":"","name":"redgreen_combo_2_2","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":1066281,"date":"2020-11-24 23:29:27","modified":"2020-11-24 23:29:27","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","type":"image","subtype":"jpeg","icon":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":1024,"height":140,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/RedGreen_Combo_2_2-213x140.jpg","thumbnail-width":213,"thumbnail-height":140,"medium":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/RedGreen_Combo_2_2.jpg","medium-width":464,"medium-height":63,"medium_large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/RedGreen_Combo_2_2.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":105,"large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/RedGreen_Combo_2_2.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":140,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/RedGreen_Combo_2_2.jpg","1536x1536-width":1024,"1536x1536-height":140,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/RedGreen_Combo_2_2.jpg","2048x2048-width":1024,"2048x2048-height":140,"card_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/RedGreen_Combo_2_2-826x113.jpg","card_image-width":826,"card_image-height":113,"wide_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/RedGreen_Combo_2_2.jpg","wide_image-width":1024,"wide_image-height":140}},"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"

Now let\u2019s switch this around. \u00a0I\u2019ve left the red alone and changed the green, again by moving away from yellow:<\/p>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":{"ID":1066921,"id":1066921,"title":"ColorPicker_2_2","filename":"ColorPicker_2_2.jpg","filesize":35129,"url":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/ColorPicker_2_2.jpg","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis-living-atlas\/mapping\/red-green-what\/colorpicker_2_2","alt":"","author":"4491","description":"","caption":"","name":"colorpicker_2_2","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":1066281,"date":"2020-11-25 16:50:07","modified":"2020-11-25 16:50:07","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","type":"image","subtype":"jpeg","icon":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":1100,"height":297,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/ColorPicker_2_2-213x200.jpg","thumbnail-width":213,"thumbnail-height":200,"medium":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/ColorPicker_2_2.jpg","medium-width":464,"medium-height":125,"medium_large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/ColorPicker_2_2.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":207,"large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/ColorPicker_2_2.jpg","large-width":1100,"large-height":297,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/ColorPicker_2_2.jpg","1536x1536-width":1100,"1536x1536-height":297,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/ColorPicker_2_2.jpg","2048x2048-width":1100,"2048x2048-height":297,"card_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/ColorPicker_2_2-826x223.jpg","card_image-width":826,"card_image-height":223,"wide_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/ColorPicker_2_2.jpg","wide_image-width":1100,"wide_image-height":297}},"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":{"ID":1066641,"id":1066641,"title":"RedGreen_Combo_2_3","filename":"RedGreen_Combo_2_3.jpg","filesize":2282,"url":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/RedGreen_Combo_2_3.jpg","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis-living-atlas\/mapping\/red-green-what\/redgreen_combo_2_3","alt":"","author":"4491","description":"","caption":"","name":"redgreen_combo_2_3","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":1066281,"date":"2020-11-24 23:29:55","modified":"2020-11-24 23:29:55","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","type":"image","subtype":"jpeg","icon":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":1024,"height":140,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/RedGreen_Combo_2_3-213x140.jpg","thumbnail-width":213,"thumbnail-height":140,"medium":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/RedGreen_Combo_2_3.jpg","medium-width":464,"medium-height":63,"medium_large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/RedGreen_Combo_2_3.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":105,"large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/RedGreen_Combo_2_3.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":140,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/RedGreen_Combo_2_3.jpg","1536x1536-width":1024,"1536x1536-height":140,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/RedGreen_Combo_2_3.jpg","2048x2048-width":1024,"2048x2048-height":140,"card_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/RedGreen_Combo_2_3-826x113.jpg","card_image-width":826,"card_image-height":113,"wide_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/RedGreen_Combo_2_3.jpg","wide_image-width":1024,"wide_image-height":140}},"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"

So that\u2019s solved then \u2026<\/h3>\n

Well, it depends on your personal definition of red and green. My choice of \u2018red\u2019 above is more of a magenta, and my \u2018green\u2019 is moving towards teal. But my example above is not the only safe red-green combination. Here is a webmap<\/a> from Lisa Berry with a different take on it,\u00a0 showing US Census self-response rates (was it higher in 2010 (Red) or 2020 (Green)?).<\/p>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":{"ID":1066691,"id":1066691,"title":"Census_Responses","filename":"Census_Responses.jpg","filesize":99246,"url":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Census_Responses.jpg","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis-living-atlas\/mapping\/red-green-what\/census_responses","alt":"","author":"4491","description":"","caption":"","name":"census_responses","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":1066281,"date":"2020-11-25 03:12:14","modified":"2020-11-25 03:12:14","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","type":"image","subtype":"jpeg","icon":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":1024,"height":688,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Census_Responses-213x200.jpg","thumbnail-width":213,"thumbnail-height":200,"medium":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Census_Responses.jpg","medium-width":388,"medium-height":261,"medium_large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Census_Responses.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":516,"large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Census_Responses.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":688,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Census_Responses.jpg","1536x1536-width":1024,"1536x1536-height":688,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Census_Responses.jpg","2048x2048-width":1024,"2048x2048-height":688,"card_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Census_Responses-692x465.jpg","card_image-width":692,"card_image-height":465,"wide_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Census_Responses.jpg","wide_image-width":1024,"wide_image-height":688}},"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Census_Responses.jpg"},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"

And don\u2019t forget there are other forms of color blindness, including a small percentage of people who do not see color at all. Really, you should be taking them into account as well when you build your palette. Lisa’s map works for most color-blind cases, and it\u2019s pretty good in monochrome as well.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s tricky, and it\u2019s restricting, but it\u2019s important. We are all part of the effort to increase understanding of data and maps, and that should include this 8%. So give it a chance! You will find that the more you work with color blindness in mind, the more intuitive it will get.<\/p>\n

‘Peppers’ Photo by Steve Johnson on Unsplash<\/em><\/p>\n"}],"authors":[{"ID":4491,"user_firstname":"Andrew","user_lastname":"Skinner","nickname":"Andrew Skinner","user_nicename":"askinner","display_name":"Andy Skinner","user_email":"ASkinner@esri.com","user_url":"","user_registered":"2018-03-02 00:16:04","user_description":"Andy is a Cartographic Designer who has been building maps for 50 years. He has been working with Esri in Redlands for 16 years, most recently on the creation of some of Esri's vector basemaps, and the development of color ramps for ArcGIS Online. Prior to Esri, he was Manager of Cartographic Design at Rand McNally, and before that a Senior Cartographer at GeoSystems\/MapQuest. He is originally from England, and worked for a number of years at what is now the University of Derby before moving to the USA. Andy can be contacted at: askinner@esri.com","user_avatar":""}],"related_articles":[{"ID":1043071,"post_author":"4491","post_date":"2020-10-22 10:57:57","post_date_gmt":"2020-10-22 17:57:57","post_content":"","post_title":"Towards an Accessible Basemap","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"towards-an-accessible-basemap","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2020-11-04 12:25:42","post_modified_gmt":"2020-11-04 20:25:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/?post_type=blog&p=1043071","menu_order":0,"post_type":"blog","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"2","filter":"raw"},{"ID":73441,"post_author":"4801","post_date":"2016-09-01 15:14:00","post_date_gmt":"2016-09-01 15:14:00","post_content":"","post_title":"Accessibility Guidelines: Color Contrast Testing for Configurable Apps","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"accessibility-guidelines-color-contrast-testing-for-configurable-apps","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2018-03-26 21:10:11","post_modified_gmt":"2018-03-26 21:10:11","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/product\/uncategorized\/accessibility-guidelines-color-contrast-testing-for-configurable-apps\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"blog","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":429272,"post_author":"8122","post_date":"2025-06-25 10:25:54","post_date_gmt":"2025-06-25 17:25:54","post_content":"","post_title":"Design for accessibility in ArcGIS Hub and ArcGIS Enterprise Sites","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"arcgis-hub-sites-designing-for-accessibility","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-06-26 11:17:16","post_modified_gmt":"2025-06-26 18:17:16","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/?post_type=blog&p=429272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"blog","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"card_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Peppers_card.jpg","wide_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Peppers_banner.jpg"},"yoast_head":"\nRed \u2026 Green \u2026 What?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sometimes it seems we are obsessed with using red and green in our maps, but for some people this is a problem. There are ways though ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis-living-atlas\/mapping\/red-green-what\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Red \u2026 Green \u2026 What?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sometimes it seems we are obsessed with using red and green in our maps, but for some people this is a problem. 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