{"id":1227392,"date":"2021-05-11T11:10:17","date_gmt":"2021-05-11T18:10:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/?post_type=blog&p=1227392"},"modified":"2021-05-11T11:13:46","modified_gmt":"2021-05-11T18:13:46","slug":"visualize-land-cover-change-indonesia","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis-living-atlas\/sustainable-development\/visualize-land-cover-change-indonesia","title":{"rendered":"Visualizing Patterns of Land Cover Change in Indonesia"},"author":7841,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_searchwp_excluded":""},"categories":[430212],"tags":[43821,25871],"industry":[],"product":[36581],"class_list":["post-1227392","blog","type-blog","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sustainable-development","tag-conservation","tag-land-cover","product-arcgis-living-atlas"],"acf":{"short_description":"Twenty seven years of land cover data are used to examine the scale of land conversion across Indonesia. ","flexible_content":[{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"

For decades, Indonesia has been one of the fastest growing countries in the world. The scale of this growth is actually quite easy to analyze and visualize with data from the European Space Agency\u2019s CCI\u00a0 Global Land Cover product that was recently updated in ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World to extend from 1992-2019<\/a>.<\/p>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"storymap","title":"","description":"","static":false,"storymap_url":"https:\/\/arcgis.com\/apps\/instant\/media\/index.html?appid=05f78b4ee49e4726b1f93875af87fdb7<\/a>"},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"

 <\/p>\n

So how was this map made? Unlike most cooking recipe blogs, I\u2019ll cut right to the chase (instead of 8 paragraphs of inane babble).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"

Prepping the Layers<\/h2>\n

Living Atlas provides some incredibly useful content \u2013 simple things like the Provinces of Indonesia<\/a> that would otherwise take time to find and\u00a0 download shapefiles from some random website. \u00a0There\u2019s also the complex imagery layers like the ESA CCI Global Land Cover that can be used for a variety of mapping and analysis applications. I simply dragged both into ArcGIS Pro.<\/p>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":{"ID":1227412,"id":1227412,"title":"DragDrop","filename":"DragDrop.gif","filesize":387483,"url":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/DragDrop.gif","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis-living-atlas\/sustainable-development\/visualize-land-cover-change-indonesia\/dragdrop-2","alt":"Add layers from Living Atlas","author":"7841","description":"","caption":"","name":"dragdrop-2","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":1227392,"date":"2021-05-11 01:04:45","modified":"2021-05-11 01:05:08","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/gif","type":"image","subtype":"gif","icon":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":1000,"height":664,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/DragDrop-213x200.gif","thumbnail-width":213,"thumbnail-height":200,"medium":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/DragDrop.gif","medium-width":393,"medium-height":261,"medium_large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/DragDrop.gif","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":510,"large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/DragDrop.gif","large-width":1000,"large-height":664,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/DragDrop.gif","1536x1536-width":1000,"1536x1536-height":664,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/DragDrop.gif","2048x2048-width":1000,"2048x2048-height":664,"card_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/DragDrop-700x465.gif","card_image-width":700,"card_image-height":465,"wide_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/DragDrop.gif","wide_image-width":1000,"wide_image-height":664}},"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"

I duplicated the ESA layer, went into the layer properties, and applied a definition query to one so it only shows 1992, then repeated that on the copy for 2019. Rename each so its easy to track.<\/p>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":{"ID":1227442,"id":1227442,"title":"rasterquery","filename":"rasterquery.png","filesize":10333,"url":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/rasterquery.png","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis-living-atlas\/sustainable-development\/visualize-land-cover-change-indonesia\/rasterquery","alt":"Definition query","author":"7841","description":"","caption":"","name":"rasterquery","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":1227392,"date":"2021-05-11 01:05:11","modified":"2021-05-11 01:05:42","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/png","type":"image","subtype":"png","icon":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":793,"height":508,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/rasterquery-213x200.png","thumbnail-width":213,"thumbnail-height":200,"medium":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/rasterquery.png","medium-width":407,"medium-height":261,"medium_large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/rasterquery.png","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":492,"large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/rasterquery.png","large-width":793,"large-height":508,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/rasterquery.png","1536x1536-width":793,"1536x1536-height":508,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/rasterquery.png","2048x2048-width":793,"2048x2048-height":508,"card_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/rasterquery-726x465.png","card_image-width":726,"card_image-height":465,"wide_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/rasterquery.png","wide_image-width":793,"wide_image-height":508}},"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"

Next I went into the Processing Templates portion and chose the Converted Lands renderer. This applies a raster function to select only the pixels that have been converted from natural (forest, grasslands, etc) to human modified (cropland, urban).<\/p>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":{"ID":1227452,"id":1227452,"title":"template","filename":"template.png","filesize":23548,"url":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/template.png","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis-living-atlas\/sustainable-development\/visualize-land-cover-change-indonesia\/template","alt":"Select a processing template","author":"7841","description":"","caption":"","name":"template","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":1227392,"date":"2021-05-11 01:05:14","modified":"2021-05-11 01:05:51","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/png","type":"image","subtype":"png","icon":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":794,"height":507,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/template-213x200.png","thumbnail-width":213,"thumbnail-height":200,"medium":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/template.png","medium-width":409,"medium-height":261,"medium_large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/template.png","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":490,"large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/template.png","large-width":794,"large-height":507,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/template.png","1536x1536-width":794,"1536x1536-height":507,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/template.png","2048x2048-width":794,"2048x2048-height":507,"card_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/template-728x465.png","card_image-width":728,"card_image-height":465,"wide_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/template.png","wide_image-width":794,"wide_image-height":507}},"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"

Running the Analysis<\/h2>\n

Since my goal was to calculate how much land area was converted between the two years, the easiest way to do that is to use one of my favorite tools, Zonal Statistics as Table. It calculates a statistic for an area (could be borders, could be any other geometry). In this case I chose sum (could\u2019ve chosen anything since all I really needed was the count of pixels, which is a default output).<\/p>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":{"ID":1227462,"id":1227462,"title":"zonal","filename":"zonal.png","filesize":10449,"url":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zonal.png","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis-living-atlas\/sustainable-development\/visualize-land-cover-change-indonesia\/zonal","alt":"Run zonal stats","author":"7841","description":"","caption":"","name":"zonal","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":1227392,"date":"2021-05-11 01:05:18","modified":"2021-05-11 01:05:59","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/png","type":"image","subtype":"png","icon":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":534,"height":466,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zonal-213x200.png","thumbnail-width":213,"thumbnail-height":200,"medium":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zonal.png","medium-width":299,"medium-height":261,"medium_large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zonal.png","medium_large-width":534,"medium_large-height":466,"large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zonal.png","large-width":534,"large-height":466,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zonal.png","1536x1536-width":534,"1536x1536-height":466,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zonal.png","2048x2048-width":534,"2048x2048-height":466,"card_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zonal.png","card_image-width":533,"card_image-height":465,"wide_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/zonal.png","wide_image-width":534,"wide_image-height":466}},"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"

After repeating that with 2019, I could join the resulting tables back to the Provinces layer using the common field ISO_SUB (the province\u2019s ISO). Since Indonesia straddles the Equator, each satellite pixel of the raster is 300m x 300m, so I could calculate a new field that converts 90,000 m2<\/sup> into km2<\/sup>, then calculate another field which divides that area by the province\u2019s area (which was conveniently included in the layer) to get a percentage change.<\/p>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":{"ID":1227432,"id":1227432,"title":"percentchange","filename":"percentchange.png","filesize":16045,"url":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/percentchange.png","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis-living-atlas\/sustainable-development\/visualize-land-cover-change-indonesia\/percentchange-2","alt":"Calculate a field","author":"7841","description":"","caption":"","name":"percentchange-2","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":1227392,"date":"2021-05-11 01:05:08","modified":"2021-05-11 01:05:32","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/png","type":"image","subtype":"png","icon":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":555,"height":929,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/percentchange-213x200.png","thumbnail-width":213,"thumbnail-height":200,"medium":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/percentchange.png","medium-width":156,"medium-height":261,"medium_large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/percentchange.png","medium_large-width":555,"medium_large-height":929,"large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/percentchange.png","large-width":555,"large-height":929,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/percentchange.png","1536x1536-width":555,"1536x1536-height":929,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/percentchange.png","2048x2048-width":555,"2048x2048-height":929,"card_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/percentchange-278x465.png","card_image-width":278,"card_image-height":465,"wide_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/percentchange.png","wide_image-width":555,"wide_image-height":929}},"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"

I symbolized that layer with some classes to show areas that converted to human modified as scaled yellow circles and areas that actually returned to a natural land cover as scaled blue circles.<\/p>\n

Next, I used the two raster layers with some contrasting colors to show the area that was converted prior to 1992 in a dark purple and the areas converted since with a hot orange-pink. Urban areas were colored with grey and white, respectively. By having the 1992 layer on top, it shows only the areas in 2019 that changed from 1992 without having to run a more in-depth spatial difference (sneaky!).<\/p>\n

The final map<\/a> also brings in the World Database of Protected Areas from the UN Environment Programme. Interesting how the southern islands mostly converted back to natural habitat while the northern, more developing islands became more human modified. And check out those protected areas\u2026they really do work!<\/p>\n"}],"authors":[{"ID":7841,"user_firstname":"Dan","user_lastname":"Pisut","nickname":"Dan Pisut","user_nicename":"dan-pisut","display_name":"Dan Pisut","user_email":"DPisut@esri.com","user_url":"https:\/\/livingatlas.arcgis.com","user_registered":"2018-04-16 21:24:57","user_description":"Dan leads development of ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World environmental content, which includes information about Earth's land, ocean, atmosphere, and ecosystems. Prior to Esri, Dan worked at NOAA for two decades, leading data visualization efforts for research, communications, and education.","user_avatar":""}],"related_articles":[{"ID":790811,"post_author":"7841","post_date":"2020-04-02 06:55:18","post_date_gmt":"2020-04-02 13:55:18","post_content":"","post_title":"Three Decades of Global Land Cover Change","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"three-decades-of-global-land-cover-change","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2020-04-06 16:28:15","post_modified_gmt":"2020-04-06 23:28:15","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/?post_type=blog&p=790811","menu_order":0,"post_type":"blog","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":939091,"post_author":"7841","post_date":"2020-07-15 06:43:57","post_date_gmt":"2020-07-15 13:43:57","post_content":"","post_title":"Look into the Future: Global Land Cover for the Year 2050","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"land-cover-2050","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-07-22 12:14:41","post_modified_gmt":"2021-07-22 19:14:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/?post_type=blog&p=939091","menu_order":0,"post_type":"blog","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":613542,"post_author":"8492","post_date":"2019-10-23 08:50:06","post_date_gmt":"2019-10-23 15:50:06","post_content":"","post_title":"Mapping Loss: Landscape Change in Las Vegas","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mapping-loss-nlcd-vegas","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-11-29 17:42:02","post_modified_gmt":"2024-11-30 01:42:02","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/?post_type=blog&p=613542","menu_order":0,"post_type":"blog","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"card_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/indonesia-card.jpg","wide_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/indonesia.jpg"},"yoast_head":"\nVisualizing Patterns of Land Cover Change in Indonesia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Twenty seven years of satellite land cover data are used to quantify and map the extent of land conversion across Indonesia.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis-living-atlas\/sustainable-development\/visualize-land-cover-change-indonesia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta 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