{"id":187301,"date":"2014-09-25T20:36:08","date_gmt":"2014-09-26T03:36:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/?post_type=blog&#038;p=187301"},"modified":"2018-12-18T09:56:14","modified_gmt":"2018-12-18T17:56:14","slug":"what-does-the-nga-web-mercator-advisory-mean-for-esri-defense-and-intelligence-users","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis-solutions\/defense\/what-does-the-nga-web-mercator-advisory-mean-for-esri-defense-and-intelligence-users","title":{"rendered":"What does the NGA \u201cWeb Mercator\u201d advisory mean for Esri Defense and Intelligence users?"},"author":7551,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_searchwp_excluded":""},"categories":[24641],"tags":[31781,30341,38491,36201],"industry":[],"product":[42661],"class_list":["post-187301","blog","type-blog","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-defense","tag-coordinate-system","tag-intelligence","tag-mercator","tag-projection","product-arcgis-solutions"],"acf":{"short_description":"The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) has released an advisory notice on the use of the Web Mercator coordinate system","flexible_content":[{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<p>The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) has released an\u00a0<a title=\"Web Mercator Advisory Notice\" href=\"http:\/\/earth-info.nga.mil\/GandG\/wgs84\/web_mercator\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">advisory notice<\/a>\u00a0on the use of the Web Mercator coordinate system in military and intelligence applications. In the advisory, NGA warns about positional accuracy issues with Web Mercator, especially at higher latitudes, and \u201c\u2026reminds the community to use DoD approved World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84) applications for all mission critical activities.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.esri.com\/esri\/arcgis\/files\/2014\/09\/WGS-1984-Web-Mercator-sm.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-42227\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.esri.com\/esri\/arcgis\/files\/2014\/09\/WGS-1984-Web-Mercator-sm.png\" alt=\"WGS 1984 Web Mercator in ArcMap Data Frame Properties\" width=\"382\" height=\"380\" \/><\/a>Web Mercator, called \u201cWGS 1984 Web Mercator (auxiliary sphere)\u201d in ArcGIS, and also known as \u201cEPSG: 3857\u201d (European Petroleum Survey Group) and \u201cWGS 84\/Popular Visualisation Pseudo-Mercator\u201d, was popularized by Google and has become the most commonly-used coordinate system for web mapping applications. It is currently used by Google Maps, Bing Maps, and Esri ArcGIS Online basemaps, among others.<\/p>\n<p>The\u00a0<a title=\"WGS 84 and the Web Mercator Projection\" href=\"http:\/\/earth-info.nga.mil\/GandG\/wgs84\/web_mercator\/(U)%20NGA%20WGS%2084%20and%20the%20Web%20Mercator%20Projection.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">accuracy issues that the NGA warns about<\/a>\u00a0are due to the Web Mercator coordinate system\u2019s simplified representation of the Earth as a sphere. Because the Earth is actually flattened toward the poles (ellipsoidal), the positional accuracy of latitudes in Web Mercator decline with distance away from the equator, relative to an ellipsoidal projection. In ArcGIS this is not likely to cause problems \u00a0unless data in Web Mercator has its coordinate system inadvertently described as being in an ellipsoidal Mercator \u00a0version such as \u201cWorld Mercator\u201d (EPSG: 3395), or vice versa. Another issue that is more likely to apply in ArcGIS is that Web Mercator suffers from the drawback shared by other Mercator projections of scale distortion near the poles.<\/p>\n<p>Fortunately, ArcGIS supports and can project data between many different coordinate systems, including Web Mercator and true WGS84 coordinate systems such as Geographic WGS84 and UTM WGS84. \u00a0Applications built with ArcGIS that use the Web Mercator coordinate system can project feature geometries to a more appropriate coordinate system for measuring areas, distances, or coordinate locations. \u00a0Operational layers used with Web Mercator basemaps can be stored in other coordinate systems, and projected on the fly to match. ArcGIS for Desktop will project multiple data layers with different coordinate systems on the fly to make them line up with the coordinate system of the map\u2019s data frame. \u00a0Although it is possible to edit data that is in a different coordinate system from the data frame, when high levels of accuracy are critical, it is better to\u00a0<a title=\"About editing data in a different projection\" href=\"http:\/\/resources.arcgis.com\/en\/help\/main\/10.2\/index.html#\/\/01m60000005t000000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">project the data to a common coordinate system before editing<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Although Web Mercator is used in the civilian ArcGIS Online basemaps, military and intelligence organizations can use ArcGIS for Server to publish map services and basemaps on their own secure networks using any WGS84-based coordinate system. \u00a0For information on building basemaps for military and intelligence use, see the\u00a0<a title=\"Basemaps\" href=\"http:\/\/solutions.arcgis.com\/military\/land-operations\/operational-environment\/basemaps\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Solutions pages<\/a>. The coordinate system of the publishing basemap and the tiling scheme for the cached map service can be set to either the Geographic WGS84 or UTM WGS84 coordinate system, and the resulting basemaps will be in that coordinate system, rather than Web Mercator.<\/p>\n<p>Administrators can set up Portal for ArcGIS or ArcGIS Online for Organizations to\u00a0<a title=\"Customizing basemaps\" href=\"http:\/\/resources.arcgis.com\/en\/help\/main\/10.2\/index.html#\/\/017s00000071000000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">use these internally published basemaps<\/a>\u00a0instead of the default ArcGIS Online Web Mercator basemaps. Alternatively, such organizations can use the Commercial Joint Mapping Toolkit (CJMTK) Geospatial Appliance (CGA) for basemaps. \u00a0 Basemaps in the CGA are stored using the Geographic WGS84 coordinate system. Existing maps can be set to use a new basemap, and their data frames set to use a new coordinate system. Web applications and mobile apps (such as\u00a0<a title=\"Squad Leader\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Esri\/squad-leader-android\/blob\/master\/documentation\/UserGuide.md\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Squad Leader<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Vehicle Commander\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Esri\/vehicle-commander\/blob\/master\/documentation\/UserGuide.md\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vehicle Commander<\/a>) can be configured by\u00a0<a title=\"Mapconfig file\" href=\"https:\/\/developers.arcgis.com\/android\/guide\/maps-and-layers.htm#ESRI_SECTION1_B71B38B912F842CEBC941E073A61232A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">editing the mapconfig.xml file<\/a>\u00a0to consume these alternative basemaps and tile packages in WGS84-based coordinate systems.<\/p>\n<p>If you have existing templates that you want to use in an NGA-approved coordinate system, you can substitute a new basemap,\u00a0<a title=\"Specifying a coordinate system\" href=\"http:\/\/resources.arcgis.com\/en\/help\/main\/10.2\/index.html#\/\/00660000000v000000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">change the data frame coordinate system<\/a>, and\u00a0<a title=\"Project (Data Management)\" href=\"http:\/\/resources.arcgis.com\/en\/help\/main\/10.2\/index.html#\/\/00170000007m000000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">project the feature classes to a new coordinate system<\/a>\u00a0or use your own (already projected) feature classes.<\/p>\n<p>To project data in ArcGIS for Desktop, use the\u00a0<a title=\"Project (Data Management)\" href=\"http:\/\/resources.arcgis.com\/en\/help\/main\/10.2\/index.html#\/\/00170000007m000000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Project (Data Management)<\/a>\u00a0geoprocessing tool to project feature classes, and the\u00a0<a title=\"Project Raster (Data Management)\" href=\"http:\/\/resources.arcgis.com\/en\/help\/main\/10.2\/index.html#\/\/00170000007q000000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Project Raster (Data Management)<\/a>\u00a0geoprocessing tool to project rasters. If you need to project multiple feature classes, you can use the\u00a0<a title=\"Batch Project (Data Management)\" href=\"http:\/\/resources.arcgis.com\/en\/help\/main\/10.2\/index.html#\/\/001700000078000000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Batch Project (Data Management)<\/a>\u00a0geoprocessing tool. \u00a0Do not use the\u00a0<a title=\"Define Projection (Data Management)\" href=\"http:\/\/resources.arcgis.com\/en\/help\/main\/10.2\/index.html#\/\/001700000077000000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Define Projection (Data Management)<\/a>\u00a0tool for this purpose; this tool only changes the description of a feature class\u2019s coordinate system, it does not actually project the data. See this\u00a0<a title=\"When to use the Define Projection tool and the Project tool?\" href=\"http:\/\/blogs.esri.com\/esri\/supportcenter\/2013\/08\/23\/when-to-use-the-define-projection-tool-and-the-project-tool-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Esri Support Services blog post<\/a>for more info on when to use Define Projection.<\/p>\n<p>Going forward, Esri\u00a0<a title=\"ArcGIS for the Military Solutions\" href=\"http:\/\/solutions.arcgis.com\/military\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ArcGIS for the Military<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"ArcGIS for Intelligence Solutions\" href=\"http:\/\/solutions.arcgis.com\/intelligence\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ArcGIS for Intelligence<\/a>\u00a0Solutions will use Geographic WGS84 or UTM WGS84 coordinate systems in maps and templates to conform to the NGA guidance. Many of our previously-released templates use Web Mercator, but these will be projected to WGS84-based systems as future versions are released.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.esri.com\/esri\/arcgis\/files\/2014\/09\/WebMercator_Test_tools.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-42230 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.esri.com\/esri\/arcgis\/files\/2014\/09\/WebMercator_Test_tools.png\" alt=\"Web Mercator Test tools\" width=\"305\" height=\"126\" \/><\/a>This\u00a0<a title=\"Web Mercator Test repo\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/BobBooth\/WebMercator-test\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GitHub repo<\/a>\u00a0has a toolbox and two Python tools that you can use to check a directory for feature classes or\u00a0maps that use the Web Mercator coordinate system.<\/p>\n"}],"authors":[{"ID":7551,"user_firstname":"Bob","user_lastname":"Booth","nickname":"BBooth","user_nicename":"BBooth","display_name":"Bob Booth","user_email":"BBooth@esri.com","user_url":"","user_registered":"2018-03-22 17:58:13","user_description":"","user_avatar":"<img alt='' src='https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/14f7505a4c7180d96d4fa1e9476d0b5f4c27400daffe17eceaa12152c3728d8a?s=96&#038;d=blank&#038;r=g' srcset='https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/14f7505a4c7180d96d4fa1e9476d0b5f4c27400daffe17eceaa12152c3728d8a?s=192&#038;d=blank&#038;r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-96 photo' height='96' width='96' loading='lazy' decoding='async'\/>"}],"related_articles":"","card_image":false,"wide_image":false},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What does the NGA \u201cWeb Mercator\u201d advisory mean for Esri Defense and Intelligence users?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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