{"id":435792,"date":"2019-02-14T11:00:22","date_gmt":"2019-02-14T19:00:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/?post_type=blog&#038;p=435792"},"modified":"2019-02-14T21:22:59","modified_gmt":"2019-02-15T05:22:59","slug":"centrality-measures-and-link-analysis-insights-for-arcgis-use-link-charts-search-for-okcupid-matches","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/insights\/analytics\/centrality-measures-and-link-analysis-insights-for-arcgis-use-link-charts-search-for-okcupid-matches","title":{"rendered":"Love and Learn Link Analysis Using Insights for ArcGIS"},"author":6671,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_searchwp_excluded":""},"categories":[23341],"tags":[327672,43641,327682,327662,36431],"industry":[],"product":[36801],"class_list":["post-435792","blog","type-blog","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-analytics","tag-dating","tag-link-analysis","tag-okcupid","tag-recommender-systems","tag-social-media","product-insights"],"acf":{"short_description":"Use Insights for ArcGIS to find hidden links and relationships in your data. Offer intelligent recommendations using centrality measures.","flexible_content":[{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<p>Have you ever cracked a little smile, when your smart phone seems to share your own intuition or recommend something you adore?\u00a0 Let&#8217;s examine these analytical moments through a\u00a0<em>link analysis<\/em>\u00a0using <a href=\"https:\/\/go.esri.com\/l\/82202\/2019-02-14\/mdw3jl\">Insights for ArcGIS<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>To do this, our team thought it would be fun to explore <em>centrality measures<\/em> with relatable data (hint Valentines Day)\u00a0to demystify meaningful experiences common to social networks.\u00a0 \u00a0How does Pandora music know that I love <em>The Strokes<\/em>?\u00a0 \u00a0Even though it seems like the station owner may have lived within earshot of my speakers, these personalized suggestions are actually a result of a graph analysis with centrality measures that factor in an entire platform of users.\u00a0 These measures then help tailor different software experiences.\u00a0 Within Insights, you can build graphs and calculate centrality measures to deliver meaningful recommendations based on relationships within your own data.<\/p>\n<p>This is powerful.\u00a0 It&#8217;s powerful because decisions that involve <em>link analysis<\/em> typically factor in complex relationships which are difficult to see in classic row-and-column data structures.<\/p>\n<p>Even though many of us will use Insights to explore linkages from different industry domains, the aim in this blog post is to keep things simple and apply research in an arena where <em>link analysis<\/em> is deeply rooted.\u00a0 No, it&#8217;s not epidemiology or forensics (even though it could be).<\/p>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":{"ID":439032,"id":439032,"title":"vday-fig3","filename":"vday-fig3.png","filesize":229250,"url":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/02\/vday-fig3.png","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/vday-fig3","alt":"","author":"8962","description":"","caption":"","name":"vday-fig3","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":0,"date":"2019-02-14 17:31:12","modified":"2019-02-14 17:31:12","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/png","type":"image","subtype":"png","icon":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":2714,"height":1723,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/02\/vday-fig3-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/02\/vday-fig3-300x190.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":190,"medium_large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/02\/vday-fig3-768x488.png","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":488,"large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/02\/vday-fig3-1024x650.png","large-width":1024,"large-height":650,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/02\/vday-fig3.png","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":975,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/02\/vday-fig3.png","2048x2048-width":2048,"2048x2048-height":1300,"card_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/02\/vday-fig3-732x465.png","card_image-width":732,"card_image-height":465,"wide_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/02\/vday-fig3-1701x1080.png","wide_image-width":1701,"wide_image-height":1080}},"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<p>Given that it&#8217;s Valentines Day, we&#8217;ve decided to see how Link Charts and Pre-Defined Filters can be applied in a similar fashion to popular dating app features &#8211; aka, to find love interests (but without the swipes).\u00a0 We will use Insights to sift through online dating data and see how well ArcGIS can find matches for companionship.<\/p>\n<p>Keep in mind our key message here is not about how to be a busybody.\u00a0 \u00a0Rather the take away is how Link Charts can slice apart descriptive information and reveal hard-to-see visual linkages and centrality degrees, which make data actionable.\u00a0 In Insights we do this by enabling different ways to style nodes and links in charts using color, sizes, line thickness and layouts (force directed, circular and hierarchical).\u00a0 For the rest of this blog we will romantically analyze Bill.\u00a0 Bill is a fictitious person (located in the center of the <em>link chart<\/em> above) who is overwhelmed by a large online dating pool of women who have different tastes, desires and preferences.\u00a0 Does this sound familiar?\u00a0 \u00a0Perhaps on several levels, it should.\u00a0 This is a similar problem that practitioners will face when it&#8217;s time to make a needle-in-a-haystack type recommendation and they are overrun with information overload.<\/p>\n<h2>Data Gathering Process<\/h2>\n<p>For our research we have analyzed open data collected by a popular dating site named OkCupid using Insights.\u00a0 \u00a0The nature of the data includes 68,000&#8217;ish anonymous responses to some 2,000+ self-assessment questions.\u00a0 \u00a0Per OkCupid, this sampling is the exact type of data they use to build their matching algorithms.\u00a0 While we did not have time to review the\u00a0 interesting R scripts and reports packaged with the data, on the whole we will attest that OkCupid&#8217;s sample data collection is pretty awesome and the Q&amp;A topics were pretty fun to read.\u00a0 Here is a direct <a href=\"https:\/\/go.esri.com\/l\/82202\/2019-02-14\/mdw2px\">link to the data<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":{"ID":439172,"id":439172,"title":"vday-fig2-final-final-final","filename":"vday-fig2-final-final-final.png","filesize":140904,"url":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/02\/vday-fig2-final-final-final.png","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/vday-fig2-final-final-final","alt":"","author":"8962","description":"","caption":"","name":"vday-fig2-final-final-final","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":0,"date":"2019-02-14 18:20:57","modified":"2019-02-14 18:20:57","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/png","type":"image","subtype":"png","icon":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":1906,"height":1569,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/02\/vday-fig2-final-final-final-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/02\/vday-fig2-final-final-final-300x247.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":247,"medium_large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/02\/vday-fig2-final-final-final-768x632.png","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":632,"large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/02\/vday-fig2-final-final-final-1024x843.png","large-width":1024,"large-height":843,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/02\/vday-fig2-final-final-final.png","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":1264,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/02\/vday-fig2-final-final-final.png","2048x2048-width":1906,"2048x2048-height":1569,"card_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/02\/vday-fig2-final-final-final-565x465.png","card_image-width":565,"card_image-height":465,"wide_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/02\/vday-fig2-final-final-final-1312x1080.png","wide_image-width":1312,"wide_image-height":1080}},"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<h3>Data adjustments and alterations<\/h3>\n<p>To save some of your time, I&#8217;ve outlined our data munging process.\u00a0 Since the OkCupid data is completely anonymous, we made a few changes to add a bit of context.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>We extracted the first male record in the 68K data set and named this record Bill<\/li>\n<li>We then selected a dozen or so OkCupid questions of type Yes \/ No to do our match on (see questions in image above)<\/li>\n<li>We then randomly selected a sample of women suitors for Bill and gave these women random names<\/li>\n<li>We then coerced the yes and no answers to an ordinal scale, slugging yes with a 1 and no with a 0<\/li>\n<li>We then inner joined Bill back into the table containing sample females and their responses<\/li>\n<li>We then created a new field and summarized Female responses that were the same as Bill (when there was equality we coded those cells with a 1)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Link Analysis and Visualization Process<\/h2>\n<p>With the data adjusted we were in a good spot to use Insights to do spatial and non-spatial analysis.\u00a0 Since the OkCupid data did not contain geographic areas we made a decision to build workbooks which contained Link Charts (ideal for non-spatial) and Pre-Defined Filters, so we could select for different questions and drill-in on how female answers lined up with Bill&#8217;s preferences.\u00a0 We also added a few additional charts, which were helpful in surfacing no data &#8220;NA&#8221; values.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":{"ID":439012,"id":439012,"title":"vday-fig1","filename":"vday-fig1.png","filesize":363119,"url":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/02\/vday-fig1.png","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/vday-fig1","alt":"","author":"8962","description":"","caption":"","name":"vday-fig1","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":0,"date":"2019-02-14 17:30:33","modified":"2019-02-14 17:30:33","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/png","type":"image","subtype":"png","icon":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":2862,"height":2932,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/02\/vday-fig1-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/02\/vday-fig1-293x300.png","medium-width":255,"medium-height":261,"medium_large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/02\/vday-fig1-768x787.png","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":787,"large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/02\/vday-fig1-1000x1024.png","large-width":1000,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/02\/vday-fig1.png","1536x1536-width":1499,"1536x1536-height":1536,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/02\/vday-fig1.png","2048x2048-width":1999,"2048x2048-height":2048,"card_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/02\/vday-fig1-454x465.png","card_image-width":454,"card_image-height":465,"wide_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/02\/vday-fig1-1054x1080.png","wide_image-width":1054,"wide_image-height":1080}},"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<p>Our results are fun!\u00a0 They poke at the heart of Link Analysis and show clearly defined links (lines) connecting people that are based on relationship values (centrality measures in degrees).\u00a0 To share our <em>lovely<\/em> data journey, we&#8217;ve made our interactive workbooks available through publicly shared Insights pages, with Text Cards explaining how to interpret the charts (specifically the Link Chart).<\/p>\n<p>Use these links to access our workbook pages.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/go.esri.com\/l\/82202\/2019-02-14\/mdw2ps\">https:\/\/go.esri.com\/l\/82202\/2019-02-14\/mdw2ps<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/go.esri.com\/l\/82202\/2019-02-14\/mdw2pv\">https:\/\/go.esri.com\/l\/82202\/2019-02-14\/mdw2pv<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>In short, what the link analysis has revealed is how quantifiable graph-based recommendations can be made to support important decisions.\u00a0 In terms of Bill, his romantic life is not that bad.\u00a0 He has some really good options out there for finding a Valentine, but his options are limited.\u00a0 Even though our scenario may seem a bit silly in showing how Bill and\u00a0Josefa may be a good match for Valentines Day, we think the process of learning Link Analysis using online dating criteria is pretty cool and useful if you&#8217;re just getting started.\u00a0 \u00a0In closing, we hope you&#8217;ll try Link Analysis and generate your own centrality measure using data that is important to you.\u00a0 If you do please tell us about it!\u00a0 We&#8217;d love to hear your story and learn about your analysis.<\/p>\n<p>Do you like powerful visualizations?\u00a0 Do you like simple?\u00a0 Check out some of our Insights\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/go.esri.com\/l\/82202\/2019-02-14\/mdw4ws\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">case studies<\/a>.\u00a0 Don\u2019t have access to Insights for ArcGIS, follow this link to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/go.esri.com\/l\/82202\/2019-02-14\/mdw3jj\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">get a free trial<\/a>!<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n"}],"authors":[{"ID":6671,"user_firstname":"Doug","user_lastname":"Carroll","nickname":"doogle_startups","user_nicename":"doogle_startups","display_name":"Doug Carroll","user_email":"DCarroll@esri.com","user_url":"","user_registered":"2018-03-02 00:18:39","user_description":"I am a developer on the Insights for ArcGIS team and have a passion for helping partners integrate GIS into their core business.  When not working at Esri to make spatial insights actionable, my family and I run an online retail business which started in downtown Los Angeles.  My degree is from the Department of Human Ecology at Rutgers University.","user_avatar":"<img data-del=\"avatar\" src='https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2018\/08\/bio-pic-dougcarroll.jpeg' class='avatar pp-user-avatar avatar-96 photo ' height='96' width='96'\/>"},{"ID":8972,"user_firstname":"Benjamin","user_lastname":"Knisley","nickname":"bknisley","user_nicename":"bknisley","display_name":"Benjamin Knisley","user_email":"bknisley@esri.com","user_url":"","user_registered":"2019-02-13 22:33:07","user_description":"Benjamin Knisley is a statistician, programmer and data scientist who specializes in spatial and biostatistical designs within health and software research disciplines. As a product engineer for ESRI, Benjamin works on developing statistical algorithms and provides support to simplify and clarify analysis for data analysts and teams with Insights for ArcGIS.","user_avatar":"<img data-del=\"avatar\" src='https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/02\/profilepic2-150x150.jpeg' class='avatar pp-user-avatar avatar-96 photo ' height='96' width='96'\/>"}],"related_articles":"","card_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/02\/vday-sm-final.png","wide_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/02\/vday-lg-finak_dc-1-e1550167406491.png"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Love and Learn Link Analysis Using Insights for ArcGIS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Use Insights for ArcGIS to find hidden links and relationships in your data. Offer intelligent recommendations using centrality measures and link charts.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/insights\/analytics\/centrality-measures-and-link-analysis-insights-for-arcgis-use-link-charts-search-for-okcupid-matches\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Love and Learn - Find Matches In Online Dating Data\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Happy Valentines Day! For fun we put together a link analysis using open source OkCupid data. With ArcGIS for Insights we can easily identify matches where women and men share the same preferences and desires.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/insights\/analytics\/centrality-measures-and-link-analysis-insights-for-arcgis-use-link-charts-search-for-okcupid-matches\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ArcGIS Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/esrigis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-02-15T05:22:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/vday-sm-final.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"826\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"465\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Love and Learn Link Analysis Using Insights for ArcGIS\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"For fun we put together a link analysis using open source OkCupid data. With ArcGIS for Insights we can easily identify matches where women and men share the same preferences and desires.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ESRI\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":[\"Article\",\"BlogPosting\"],\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/insights\/analytics\/centrality-measures-and-link-analysis-insights-for-arcgis-use-link-charts-search-for-okcupid-matches#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/insights\/analytics\/centrality-measures-and-link-analysis-insights-for-arcgis-use-link-charts-search-for-okcupid-matches\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Doug Carroll\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/#\/schema\/person\/7907d146346986221658912912f202eb\"},\"headline\":\"Love and Learn Link Analysis Using Insights for ArcGIS\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-02-14T19:00:22+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-02-15T05:22:59+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/insights\/analytics\/centrality-measures-and-link-analysis-insights-for-arcgis-use-link-charts-search-for-okcupid-matches\"},\"wordCount\":9,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"dating\",\"link analysis\",\"okcupid\",\"recommender systems\",\"social media\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Analytics\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/insights\/analytics\/centrality-measures-and-link-analysis-insights-for-arcgis-use-link-charts-search-for-okcupid-matches\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/insights\/analytics\/centrality-measures-and-link-analysis-insights-for-arcgis-use-link-charts-search-for-okcupid-matches\",\"name\":\"Love and Learn Link Analysis Using Insights for ArcGIS\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2019-02-14T19:00:22+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-02-15T05:22:59+00:00\",\"description\":\"Use Insights for ArcGIS to find hidden links and relationships in your data. 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