{"id":498942,"date":"2019-04-25T06:50:45","date_gmt":"2019-04-25T13:50:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/?post_type=blog&p=498942"},"modified":"2019-05-07T15:48:11","modified_gmt":"2019-05-07T22:48:11","slug":"coral-bleaching-stations","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis-living-atlas\/real-time\/coral-bleaching-stations","title":{"rendered":"Monitor Coral Bleaching Around the World in Real-Time"},"author":7841,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_searchwp_excluded":""},"categories":[37121],"tags":[381642,29851,30401,208422],"industry":[],"product":[36581],"class_list":["post-498942","blog","type-blog","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-real-time","tag-coral","tag-live-feeds","tag-national-oceanic-and-atmospheric-administration","tag-ocean","product-arcgis-living-atlas"],"acf":{"short_description":"New data and apps from the Living Atlas and NOAA provide updated information on coral bleaching conditions around the world. ","flexible_content":[{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"

Everyone has gazed in wonderment at documentary footage of coral reefs, dreamed of having a saltwater aquarium, or lived vicariously through the Microsoft Windows reef screensaver circa 2000.<\/p>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":{"ID":498952,"id":498952,"title":"Screensaver","filename":"Screensaver.gif","filesize":302518,"url":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Screensaver.gif","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis-living-atlas\/real-time\/coral-bleaching-stations\/screensaver","alt":"Coral reef animated screensaver","author":"7841","description":"","caption":"","name":"screensaver","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":498942,"date":"2019-04-24 00:08:41","modified":"2019-04-24 00:09:07","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/gif","type":"image","subtype":"gif","icon":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":400,"height":299,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Screensaver-150x150.gif","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Screensaver.gif","medium-width":349,"medium-height":261,"medium_large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Screensaver.gif","medium_large-width":400,"medium_large-height":299,"large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Screensaver.gif","large-width":400,"large-height":299,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Screensaver.gif","1536x1536-width":400,"1536x1536-height":299,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Screensaver.gif","2048x2048-width":400,"2048x2048-height":299,"card_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Screensaver.gif","card_image-width":400,"card_image-height":299,"wide_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Screensaver.gif","wide_image-width":400,"wide_image-height":299}},"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"

 <\/p>\n

Coral reefs capture our attention from their pure natural beauty, foreignness, and calm.<\/p>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":{"ID":499072,"id":499072,"title":"Coral","filename":"Coral-1.jpg","filesize":141361,"url":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Coral-1.jpg","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis-living-atlas\/real-time\/coral-bleaching-stations\/coral-2","alt":"healthy coral reef","author":"7841","description":"","caption":"","name":"coral-2","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":498942,"date":"2019-04-24 00:27:20","modified":"2019-04-24 00:27:31","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","type":"image","subtype":"jpeg","icon":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":826,"height":465,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Coral-1-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Coral-1.jpg","medium-width":464,"medium-height":261,"medium_large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Coral-1.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":432,"large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Coral-1.jpg","large-width":826,"large-height":465,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Coral-1.jpg","1536x1536-width":826,"1536x1536-height":465,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Coral-1.jpg","2048x2048-width":826,"2048x2048-height":465,"card_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Coral-1.jpg","card_image-width":826,"card_image-height":465,"wide_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Coral-1.jpg","wide_image-width":826,"wide_image-height":465}},"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"

But coral reefs are not just important for their beauty. They are biological hotspots \u2013 home to 25% of the ocean\u2019s biodiversity. They protect our shorelines \u2013 baffling the coast from the relentless pounding of wave energy. They are critical habitat for fisheries \u2013 acting as nurseries for juveniles and spawning grounds for adults. They are economic powerhouses \u2013 driving ecotourism for many island nations and coastal towns.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"

A Threat to Corals<\/h3>\n

In the late 90s, I had my first scientific job doing research on coral reefs (note: get Esri to pay me to SCUBA again). Back then we were concerned with the emergence of\u00a0 a phenomenon called coral bleaching – whereby the coral animal\u2019s symbiotic algae are expelled, weakening the coral and resulting in the reef transforming from a bouquet of colors to ghostly white.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":{"ID":498992,"id":498992,"title":"Bleached","filename":"Bleached.jpg","filesize":172220,"url":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Bleached.jpg","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis-living-atlas\/real-time\/coral-bleaching-stations\/bleached","alt":"underwater photo of a bleached coral reef","author":"7841","description":"","caption":"Bleached corals on a reef at Lisianski Atoll in Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument, Northwest Hawaiian Islands; image courtesy of NOAA","name":"bleached","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":498942,"date":"2019-04-24 00:12:24","modified":"2019-04-24 00:13:18","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","type":"image","subtype":"jpeg","icon":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":1200,"height":668,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Bleached-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Bleached.jpg","medium-width":464,"medium-height":258,"medium_large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Bleached.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":428,"large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Bleached.jpg","large-width":1200,"large-height":668,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Bleached.jpg","1536x1536-width":1200,"1536x1536-height":668,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Bleached.jpg","2048x2048-width":1200,"2048x2048-height":668,"card_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Bleached-826x460.jpg","card_image-width":826,"card_image-height":460,"wide_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Bleached.jpg","wide_image-width":1200,"wide_image-height":668}},"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"

 <\/p>\n

We have learned much since those days about the processes and causes, and ecological and economic impacts of coral bleaching, and have also witnessed an increasing frequency and severity of bleaching events around the world.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":{"ID":500192,"id":500192,"title":"Graph","filename":"Graph.png","filesize":25678,"url":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Graph.png","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis-living-atlas\/real-time\/coral-bleaching-stations\/graph","alt":"increase in coral bleaching events over time","author":"7841","description":"","caption":"Data from NOAA showing that coral bleaching events have been increasing in frequency and severity over time. See Hughes et al 2018 for more information. https:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/359\/6371\/80","name":"graph","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":498942,"date":"2019-04-24 17:01:34","modified":"2019-04-24 17:07:45","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/png","type":"image","subtype":"png","icon":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":736,"height":392,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Graph-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Graph.png","medium-width":464,"medium-height":247,"medium_large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Graph.png","medium_large-width":736,"medium_large-height":392,"large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Graph.png","large-width":736,"large-height":392,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Graph.png","1536x1536-width":736,"1536x1536-height":392,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Graph.png","2048x2048-width":736,"2048x2048-height":392,"card_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Graph.png","card_image-width":736,"card_image-height":392,"wide_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Graph.png","wide_image-width":736,"wide_image-height":392}},"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"

<\/h3>\n

Satellite Data Helps Us Monitor Coral Reefs<\/h3>\n

Bleaching occurs when ocean temperatures warm beyond the coral\u2019s natural tolerance. Using satellites, NOAA\u2019s Coral Reef Watch<\/a> has developed methods to monitor ocean temperatures and estimate the likelihood that these temperatures may exceed certain critical thresholds. Besides the global raster datasets with years of continuous monitoring, NOAA also produces a summary using polygons and points to describe ocean temperatures and bleaching indexes for major reefs around the world.<\/p>\n

These 213 global Coral Reef \u201cVirtual\u201d Stations<\/a> are now available as a real-time updating hosted feature service in the Living Atlas, along with a new Coral Reefs at Risk of Bleaching<\/a> Operations Dashboard.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":{"ID":500972,"id":500972,"title":"Dashboard","filename":"Dashboard.png","filesize":225259,"url":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Dashboard.png","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis-living-atlas\/real-time\/coral-bleaching-stations\/dashboard-3","alt":"coral reef bleaching dashboard","author":"7841","description":"","caption":"","name":"dashboard-3","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":498942,"date":"2019-04-25 20:49:39","modified":"2019-04-25 20:51:24","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/png","type":"image","subtype":"png","icon":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":1200,"height":563,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Dashboard-213x200.png","thumbnail-width":213,"thumbnail-height":200,"medium":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Dashboard.png","medium-width":464,"medium-height":218,"medium_large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Dashboard.png","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":360,"large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Dashboard.png","large-width":1200,"large-height":563,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Dashboard.png","1536x1536-width":1200,"1536x1536-height":563,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Dashboard.png","2048x2048-width":1200,"2048x2048-height":563,"card_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Dashboard-826x388.png","card_image-width":826,"card_image-height":388,"wide_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Dashboard.png","wide_image-width":1200,"wide_image-height":563}},"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":"https:\/\/www.arcgis.com\/apps\/opsdashboard\/index.html#\/84ba9c03786e462d960e3172bc1b2204"},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"

 <\/p>\n

These two offerings allow you to not only monitor conditions as they evolve, but also analyze for other potential regional impacts. Each location has five fields:<\/p>\n

Alert Level<\/em><\/strong>: an index of the likelihood of coral bleaching, scaled from 0 (no heat stress) to 4 (coral mortality likely) based on the attributes below<\/p>\n

Sea surface temperature<\/em><\/strong>: average temperature of the ocean surface derived from satellite measurements<\/p>\n

Temperature anomaly<\/em><\/strong>: a comparison of the current sea surface temperature to the historical average measured by satellites<\/p>\n

HotSpot<\/em><\/strong>: number of degrees above the coral’s threshold tolerance<\/p>\n

Degree Heating Week<\/em><\/strong>: accumulated thermal stress experienced by corals (sum of HotSpots). Values above 8 Degree C-Weeks are associated with widespread bleaching and mortality.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"

Why is this information important? While we may not be able to do much to stop the rise in ocean temperatures in the short term, organizations that manage reefs from a tourism or ecological perspective may be able to take steps to mitigate additional stressors that can exacerbate bleaching and mortality.<\/p>\n

For more information also check out this Story Map<\/a> developed by NOAA that provides classroom learning activities about coral bleaching.<\/p>\n

This new feature services leverages the Live Feeds Methodology<\/a> for updating web services, and has been featured in a recent webinar<\/a> (with code examples<\/a>) along with an upcoming Learn ArcGIS<\/a> lesson. Also check out this blog<\/a> that reviews how to use Arcade to color features in your pop-ups like is shown in the dashboard.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

For comments or questions about this blog, please visit our Living Atlas of the World GeoNet<\/a> site.<\/p>\n"}],"authors":[{"ID":7841,"user_firstname":"Dan","user_lastname":"Pisut","nickname":"Dan Pisut","user_nicename":"dan-pisut","display_name":"Dan Pisut","user_email":"DPisut@esri.com","user_url":"https:\/\/livingatlas.arcgis.com","user_registered":"2018-04-16 21:24:57","user_description":"Dan leads development of ArcGIS Living Atlas environmental content, which includes information about Earth's land, ocean, atmosphere, climate, and ecosystems. Prior to Esri, Dan worked at NOAA for two decades, leading data visualization efforts for research, communications, and education.","user_avatar":""},{"ID":6701,"user_firstname":"Keith","user_lastname":"VanGraafeiland","nickname":"Keith VanGraafeiland","user_nicename":"kvangraafeiland","display_name":"Keith VanGraafeiland","user_email":"KVanGraafeiland@esri.com","user_url":"https:\/\/oceans-esrioceans.hub.arcgis.com\/","user_registered":"2018-03-02 00:18:44","user_description":"Keith VanGraafeiland is a Senior Principal GIS Engineer at Esri and Ocean Content Lead for the ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World. With over 18 years of experience, Keith specializes in marine and environmental GIS, remote sensing, and advanced data science. Keith\u2019s work bridges oceanography and data science, using machine learning and analytics to turn complex data into actionable insights for the GIS community.","user_avatar":""}],"related_articles":[{"ID":492942,"post_author":"6461","post_date":"2019-04-24 11:11:08","post_date_gmt":"2019-04-24 18:11:08","post_content":"","post_title":"Bring Colors From Your Map Into Your Pop-up Using Arcade","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"bring-colors-from-your-map-into-your-pop-up-using-arcade","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-11-11 12:34:17","post_modified_gmt":"2024-11-11 20:34:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/?post_type=blog&p=492942","menu_order":0,"post_type":"blog","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"3","filter":"raw"},{"ID":301122,"post_author":"7841","post_date":"2018-08-16 17:09:34","post_date_gmt":"2018-08-17 00:09:34","post_content":"","post_title":"An Ocean of Temperature Data","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"an-ocean-of-temperature-data","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2018-08-28 17:48:19","post_modified_gmt":"2018-08-29 00:48:19","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/?post_type=blog&p=301122","menu_order":0,"post_type":"blog","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":442732,"post_author":"8482","post_date":"2022-01-05 09:49:04","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-05 17:49:04","post_content":"","post_title":"Making an auto-focusing real-time dashboard","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"making-an-auto-focusing-real-time-dashboard","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2022-03-04 17:32:52","post_modified_gmt":"2022-03-05 01:32:52","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/?post_type=blog&p=442732","menu_order":0,"post_type":"blog","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"card_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Coral-1.jpg","wide_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Coral-HD.jpg"},"yoast_head":"\nMonitor Coral Bleaching Around the World in Real-Time<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"New data and apps from the Living Atlas and NOAA provide updated information on coral bleaching conditions around the world.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis-living-atlas\/real-time\/coral-bleaching-stations\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" 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