{"id":614662,"date":"2019-09-26T13:00:37","date_gmt":"2019-09-26T20:00:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/?post_type=blog&#038;p=614662"},"modified":"2019-09-27T09:50:04","modified_gmt":"2019-09-27T16:50:04","slug":"how-are-maps-made","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis\/mapping\/how-are-maps-made","title":{"rendered":"How are maps made?"},"author":7411,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_searchwp_excluded":""},"categories":[22941],"tags":[26451,230422,23161],"industry":[],"product":[421922],"class_list":["post-614662","blog","type-blog","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mapping","tag-cartography","tag-data","tag-maps","product-arcgis"],"acf":{"short_description":"Collect data. Process data. Present data.","flexible_content":[{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<p>I get asked this question from time to time. The short answer is &#8216;on a computer&#8217;, but the people who ask me are curious about the full process, and deserve something better than that. So here&#8217;s a long answer:<\/p>\n<h3>1. Data must be collected<\/h3>\n<p>This can happen in many different ways. Here are a few examples:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>You can <u><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.arcgis.com\/en\/paths\/try-arcgis-for-official-statistics-data-collection\/\">use an app<\/a><\/u> on your phone to record your location as you walk from place to place<\/li>\n<li>Satellites record <u><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.arcgis.com\/en\/projects\/get-started-with-imagery\/\">images<\/a><\/u> of the Earth from space<\/li>\n<li>Governments track population and other <u><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.arcgis.com\/en\/projects\/fight-child-poverty-with-demographic-analysis\/\">demographic<\/a><\/u> information through a national census<\/li>\n<li><u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/public-safety\/public-safety\/new-live-feeds-weather-data-goes-live\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Weather stations<\/a><\/u> monitor and report information about their locations in real time<\/li>\n<li>Land surveyors use equipment to measure locations and boundaries<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":{"ID":614682,"id":614682,"title":"imagery","filename":"imagery.png","filesize":563288,"url":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/09\/imagery.png","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis\/mapping\/how-are-maps-made\/imagery-6","alt":"Satellite imagery of the Lena River Delta in Siberia","author":"7411","description":"","caption":"Satellite imagery of the Lena River Delta in Siberia","name":"imagery-6","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":614662,"date":"2019-09-26 16:12:57","modified":"2019-09-26 16:14:08","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/png","type":"image","subtype":"png","icon":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":1288,"height":599,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/09\/imagery-213x200.png","thumbnail-width":213,"thumbnail-height":200,"medium":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/09\/imagery.png","medium-width":464,"medium-height":216,"medium_large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/09\/imagery.png","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":357,"large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/09\/imagery.png","large-width":1288,"large-height":599,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/09\/imagery.png","1536x1536-width":1288,"1536x1536-height":599,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/09\/imagery.png","2048x2048-width":1288,"2048x2048-height":599,"card_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/09\/imagery-826x384.png","card_image-width":826,"card_image-height":384,"wide_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/09\/imagery.png","wide_image-width":1288,"wide_image-height":599}},"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/09\/imagery.png"},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<p>Now that you have data (otherwise known as geographic information)&#8230;<\/p>\n<h3>2. Data must be processed<\/h3>\n<p>This work can take many forms, and can also be called <em>GIS analysis<\/em>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Adding <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis-online\/natural-resources\/manage-forest-harvest-and-chemical-activities-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">attribute information<\/a><\/u>, for example the name, depth, and water quality of lakes<\/li>\n<li>Analyzing data to detect patterns and trends, for example finding <u><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.arcgis.com\/en\/projects\/prepare-and-present-crime-statistics-for-a-compstat-meeting\/\">hot spots<\/a><\/u> for crime in a city<\/li>\n<li>Combining data, for example attaching data stored in a <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis-online\/data-management\/add-spreadsheet-data-to-arcgis-online\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">spreadsheet<\/a><\/u> to shapes representing property parcels<\/li>\n<li>Deriving new information from data, for example using elevation data to reveal the location of <u><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.arcgis.com\/en\/projects\/no-dumping-drains-to-ocean\/\">streams<\/a><\/u>, or <u><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.arcgis.com\/en\/paths\/extracting-information-using-image-classification\/\">detecting different kinds of landcover<\/a><\/u> from aerial imagery<\/li>\n<li>Predicting information, such as areas in a city that may <u><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.arcgis.com\/en\/projects\/map-hurricane-storm-surges\/\">flood<\/a><\/u>, or <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/content\/dam\/esrisites\/en-us\/media\/pdf\/learn-arcgis\/interpolate-temperatures-using-the-geostatistical-wizard.pdf\">environmental conditions<\/a><\/u> in inaccessible locations<\/li>\n<li>Calculating, <u><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.arcgis.com\/en\/projects\/estimate-storage-capacity-with-drone-imagery\/\">measuring<\/a><\/u> and <u><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.arcgis.com\/en\/projects\/perform-visibility-analysis-to-increase-security\/\">evaluating<\/a><\/u> a situation or resource<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":{"ID":614792,"id":614792,"title":"solar2","filename":"solar2.png","filesize":255306,"url":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/09\/solar2.png","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis\/mapping\/how-are-maps-made\/solar2","alt":"Estimating solar power potential on rooftops","author":"7411","description":"","caption":"Estimating solar power potential on rooftops","name":"solar2","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":614662,"date":"2019-09-26 16:50:33","modified":"2019-09-26 16:50:51","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/png","type":"image","subtype":"png","icon":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":800,"height":462,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/09\/solar2-213x200.png","thumbnail-width":213,"thumbnail-height":200,"medium":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/09\/solar2.png","medium-width":452,"medium-height":261,"medium_large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/09\/solar2.png","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":444,"large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/09\/solar2.png","large-width":800,"large-height":462,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/09\/solar2.png","1536x1536-width":800,"1536x1536-height":462,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/09\/solar2.png","2048x2048-width":800,"2048x2048-height":462,"card_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/09\/solar2.png","card_image-width":800,"card_image-height":462,"wide_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/09\/solar2.png","wide_image-width":800,"wide_image-height":462}},"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":"https:\/\/learn.arcgis.com\/en\/projects\/estimate-solar-power-potential\/"},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<h3>3. Finally, the data must be presented and shared<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>You could <u><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.arcgis.com\/en\/projects\/cartographic-creations-in-arcgis-pro\/\">make a static map<\/a><\/u> and print it on paper<\/li>\n<li>You could make a web map or <u><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.arcgis.com\/en\/projects\/get-started-with-appstudio-for-arcgis\/\">app<\/a><\/u> that others can interact with on a screen<\/li>\n<li>Good maps employ <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis-pro\/mapping\/appalachian-trail-map\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">graphic design<\/a><\/u>, a sound <u><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.arcgis.com\/en\/paths\/mapping-and-visualization-in-arcgis-pro\/\">understanding<\/a><\/u> of the data, and strong <u><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.arcgis.com\/en\/projects\/share-the-story-of-an-expedition\/\">storytelling<\/a><\/u> skills<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":{"ID":138041,"id":138041,"title":"TornadoSmallMultiple_Large","filename":"TornadoSmallMultiple_Large.jpg","filesize":908158,"url":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2018\/04\/TornadoSmallMultiple_Large.jpg","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis-pro\/mapping\/tornado-migration-visualizing-big-data-movement\/tornadosmallmultiple_large","alt":"Maps of tornado migration","author":"6971","description":"","caption":"Tornado Migration: Visualizing Big Data Movement ","name":"tornadosmallmultiple_large","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":136991,"date":"2018-04-09 19:49:44","modified":"2019-09-26 16:20:42","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","type":"image","subtype":"jpeg","icon":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":5400,"height":3028,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2018\/04\/TornadoSmallMultiple_Large.jpg","thumbnail-width":213,"thumbnail-height":119,"medium":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2018\/04\/TornadoSmallMultiple_Large.jpg","medium-width":464,"medium-height":261,"medium_large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2018\/04\/TornadoSmallMultiple_Large.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":431,"large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2018\/04\/TornadoSmallMultiple_Large.jpg","large-width":1920,"large-height":1077,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2018\/04\/TornadoSmallMultiple_Large.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":861,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2018\/04\/TornadoSmallMultiple_Large.jpg","2048x2048-width":2048,"2048x2048-height":1148,"card_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2018\/04\/TornadoSmallMultiple_Large.jpg","card_image-width":826,"card_image-height":463,"wide_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2018\/04\/TornadoSmallMultiple_Large.jpg","wide_image-width":1920,"wide_image-height":1077}},"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis-pro\/mapping\/tornado-migration-visualizing-big-data-movement\/"},{"acf_fc_layout":"sidebar","content":"<p>Overall, the process of making a map is all about how you <strong>communicate<\/strong> (#3) the things that you <strong>discovered<\/strong> (#2) from the geographic information that you <strong>collected<\/strong> (#1).<\/p>\n","image_reference":false,"layout":"standard","image_reference_figure":"","snippet":"","spotlight_name":"","section_title":"","position":"Center","spotlight_image":false},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<p>Historically, this entire process was called cartography. Today, most people in the GIS community are only referring to step #3 (presentation) when they use the word cartography. This is because the development of GIS technologies has allowed step #2 (analysis) to become far more powerful and prominent. We&#8217;re able to do things with geographic data today far beyond just drawing it on a map.<\/p>\n<h3>The next important question is <em>Why make maps? <\/em><\/h3>\n<p>The answer: so we can make informed decisions. Decisions like:<br \/>\n\u2022 <a href=\"https:\/\/learn.arcgis.com\/en\/projects\/help-end-homelessness\/\">Where should we focus efforts within a city to prevent homelessness?<\/a><br \/>\n\u2022 <a href=\"https:\/\/dmrwebgis.maps.arcgis.com\/apps\/Cascade\/index.html?appid=f52ce8fd062b4a9098a783b013a3ab6c\">What is the safest method to conduct a cave rescue?<\/a><br \/>\n\u2022 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/collector\/field-mobility\/estimate-materials-sandbag-wall\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How many sandbags do we need to prevent flooding?<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Every day maps are made to support and communicate a vast range of decisions in the real world. Some are simple, some are complex, and almost all of them are made by combining the work of many different people.\u00a0The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/arcgis\/products\/living-atlas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Living Atlas<\/a> is an ever-growing collection of curated data and maps provided by geographers all over the world, and is a great place to start making maps of your own.<\/p>\n<p>And all of this is closely related to another big question: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/what-is-gis\/overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What is GIS?<\/a><\/p>\n"}],"authors":[{"ID":7411,"user_firstname":"Heather","user_lastname":"Smith","nickname":"Heather Smith","user_nicename":"heather-smith","display_name":"Heather Smith","user_email":"Heather_Smith@esri.com","user_url":"","user_registered":"2018-03-21 18:21:18","user_description":"Heather is a cartographer and artist. She creates resources for the tutorial gallery.","user_avatar":"<img data-del=\"avatar\" src='https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2024\/10\/heather900-465x465.png' class='avatar pp-user-avatar avatar-96 photo ' height='96' width='96'\/>"}],"related_articles":"","card_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/09\/maps_card.png","wide_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/09\/maps_banner.jpg"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How are maps made?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis\/mapping\/how-are-maps-made\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How are maps made?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis\/mapping\/how-are-maps-made\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ArcGIS Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/esrigis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-09-27T16:50:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ESRI\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":[\"Article\",\"BlogPosting\"],\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis\/mapping\/how-are-maps-made#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis\/mapping\/how-are-maps-made\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Heather 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