{"id":76691,"date":"2017-04-28T01:00:04","date_gmt":"2017-04-28T01:00:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/product\/uncategorized\/lights-on-lights-out\/"},"modified":"2018-07-19T11:52:32","modified_gmt":"2018-07-19T18:52:32","slug":"lights-on-lights-out","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/analytics\/analytics\/lights-on-lights-out","title":{"rendered":"Lights On &#038; Lights Out"},"author":6971,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_searchwp_excluded":""},"categories":[23341,23851,25741,22851,22931,22941,22771,25831,24371,22871,23351,23051],"tags":[25751,25761,23201,24981,23551,24201,22901,22821,26221,25851,24391,37081,28601,23391,25581,23401,23081],"industry":[],"product":[36561,42661],"class_list":["post-76691","blog","type-blog","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-analytics","category-data-management","category-electric-gas","category-national-government","category-imagery","category-mapping","category-natural-resources","category-petroleum","category-public-safety","category-state-government","category-transportation","category-water","tag-arcgis-for-electric","tag-arcgis-for-gas","tag-cartographic-design","tag-hydro","tag-location-analytics","tag-nasa","tag-national-government","tag-oceans-and-maritime","tag-open-data","tag-petroleum","tag-public-safety","tag-risk-assessment","tag-sciences","tag-spatial-analytics","tag-spatial-statistics","tag-transportation","tag-utilities","product-arcgis-pro","product-arcgis-solutions"],"acf":{"short_description":"Update: Here is an ArcGIS Pro project package that get get you going on creating a firefly basemap, like the one used here.\r\n\r\nThis is a ma...","flexible_content":[{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<p>Update: <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.esri.com\/esri\/arcgis\/2017\/04\/28\/firefly-basemap-starter-pack-for-arcgis-pro\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Here<\/a> is an ArcGIS Pro project package that get get you going on creating a firefly basemap, like the one used here.<\/p>\n<p>This is a map showing where, in the past four years, nighttime lights have appeared, or been extinguished. This blog post shows you the (pretty easy) nitty gritty of how it was made in ArcGIS Pro. If you want to fall into a rapturous story map of the analysis, then you can do that <a href=\"https:\/\/storymaps.esri.com\/stories\/2017\/Lights-On-Lights-Out\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Click to swim around in an embiggened version of the map...\" href=\"http:\/\/openseadragon.github.io\/openseadragonizer\/?img=https%3A%2F%2Fadventuresinmapping.files.wordpress.com%2F2017%2F04%2Fachangingearthatnight.jpg&amp;encoded=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-77683 noIMGBackground\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/04\/AChangingEarthAtNight_small.jpg\" alt=\"Click to swoop around in a high res version...\" width=\"1920\" height=\"960\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>It was built using ArcGIS Pro using a raster function. It&#8217;s super easy, fun, and the results are an interesting black hole, into which you will tumble -emerging hours later unaware of the time that has passed. \u00a0Here&#8217;s how it goes&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Background<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Last week, <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/jscarto\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joshua Stevens<\/a>, and the NASA Visible Earth team, released the most recent version of the achingly beautiful <a href=\"https:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/Features\/NightLights\/page3.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Earth At Night<\/a>\u00a0maps, from a series of nighttime images captured via satellite and processed to show areas of nighttime illumination. The most recent time they had done this was 2012. So, in the intervening years, many lights have come on&#8230;and some have gone off.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-77688 noIMGBackground\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/04\/BlackMarble_2016_01deg.jpg\" alt=\"The Earth At Night, 2016\" width=\"3600\" height=\"1800\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Their announcement provided a few <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/feature\/goddard\/2017\/new-night-lights-maps-open-up-possible-real-time-applications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">before\/after swipe images<\/a> highlighting a handful of interesting places. It was unreasonably fun for me to swipe back and forth, looking for changes.<\/p>\n<p>Since I am always on the lookout for ways that will reduce the load on my already-taxed cognitive capabilities, I wondered if I might outsource some of that mental effort of looking for change via one of ArcGIS Pro&#8217;s <a href=\"http:\/\/pro.arcgis.com\/en\/pro-app\/help\/data\/imagery\/raster-functions.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">raster functions<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>How To<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>I downloaded the eight high-res Earth At Night images that combine to cover the earth.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/Features\/NightLights\/page3.php\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-77686 noIMGBackground\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/04\/ComponentImages.jpg\" alt=\"Visit the NASA download site...\" width=\"672\" height=\"365\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s a look at the Earth At Night imagery in ArcGIS Pro. This is the 2012 version&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-77691 noIMGBackground\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/04\/InPro2012.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1037\" \/><\/p>\n<p>And here is the luscious 2016 version (released in 2017, you know, but from 2016 data)&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-77692 noIMGBackground\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/04\/InPro2016.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1037\" \/><\/p>\n<p>It&#8217;s time to mash these things together, so we don&#8217;t have to use our brains to see where lights are different. In the Imagery tab, there is a button called, &#8220;Raster Functions.&#8221; There are loads of canned robot hordes ready to unleash their algorithms on your data.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-77693 noIMGBackground\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/04\/RasterFunctions.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"412\" height=\"743\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Since I want to simply see the change from 2012 to 2016, I&#8217;ll choose the &#8220;Minus&#8221; function. This just subtracts the pixel values of one image from the other. Real basic change.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-77694 noIMGBackground\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/04\/RasterFunctionMinus.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"412\" height=\"743\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s the resulting image, showing where lights have increased or decreased between the two images. It is a really basic <em>more or less<\/em> sort of image, in grayscale.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-77695 noIMGBackground\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/04\/InProMinus.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1037\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The default symbology for this change image is a black (less) to gray (same-ish) to white (more) visual.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-77698 noIMGBackground\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/04\/ChangeDefaultSymbology.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"571\" height=\"1001\" \/><\/p>\n<p>But since I don&#8217;t really care to see the unchanged pixels, I can just make them fully transparent. On the less-light end, I paint the pixels a magenta color; the more-light pixels I paint blue. I also want to be a bit more conservative about how strongly I consider change, so I set the stretch type to 4 standard deviations, pushing the coloration out to the edges of the change data.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-77700 noIMGBackground\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/04\/ChangeNewSymbology.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"571\" height=\"1001\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The result of this enbetterified symbology looks like this&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-77701 noIMGBackground\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/04\/InProChangeSymbolized.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1037\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Fun! Definitely some patterns emerging of reduced nighttime illumination (magenta) in some places and increased nighttime illumination (blue) in others. But it&#8217;s lacking some context, so here it is with some muted <a title=\"Get ready to live...\" href=\"https:\/\/nation.maps.arcgis.com\/apps\/Cascade\/index.html?appid=bf439954e2b64d418aedd2fe11217d83\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Firefly<\/a>-esque background imagery, country borders, and labels. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.esri.com\/esri\/arcgis\/2017\/04\/28\/firefly-basemap-starter-pack-for-arcgis-pro\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Here is a head start<\/a> on getting a dramatic basemap rolling for Firefly cartography in ArcGIS Pro.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-77702 noIMGBackground\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/04\/InProChangeComplete.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1037\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Which, after adding a Title (which doubles as a legend) and vignettes in ArGIS Pro&#8217;s layout, you get this guy&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/openseadragon.github.io\/openseadragonizer\/?img=https%3A%2F%2Fadventuresinmapping.files.wordpress.com%2F2017%2F04%2Fachangingearthatnight.jpg&amp;encoded=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/04\/AChangingEarthAtNight_small.jpg\" alt=\"Click to swoop around in a high res version...\" width=\"1920\" height=\"960\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Next Steps<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>So now what? Since we want to promote the good work of mapping organizations, I&#8217;ll get going on nominating the Earth At Night imagery (and the derived change map) to the <a href=\"https:\/\/livingatlas.arcgis.com\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Living Atlas of the World<\/a>, so more folks can find it and start playing with it in their GIS.<\/p>\n<p>So I hope you try out some of the raster functions available in Pro, and I hope you consider nominating your own work to the Living Atlas.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Some Detail Snapshots, If You Feel Like Scrolling<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Detail_Caribbean.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-77763 noIMGBackground\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Detail_Caribbean.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1786\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Detail_WEurope.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-77770 noIMGBackground\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Detail_WEurope.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1786\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Detail_Syria.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-77769 noIMGBackground\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Detail_Syria.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1786\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Detail_Rockies.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-77768 noIMGBackground\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Detail_Rockies.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1786\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Detail_NullIsland.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-77767 noIMGBackground\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Detail_NullIsland.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1786\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Detail_Koreas.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-77766 noIMGBackground\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Detail_Koreas.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1786\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Detail_Java.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-77765 noIMGBackground\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Detail_Java.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1786\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Detail_India.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-77764 noIMGBackground\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Detail_India.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1786\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Happy Mapping! <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/John_M_Nelson\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John<\/a><\/p>\n"}],"authors":[{"ID":6971,"user_firstname":"John","user_lastname":"Nelson","nickname":"John Nelson","user_nicename":"j_nelson","display_name":"John Nelson","user_email":"John_Nelson@esri.com","user_url":"http:\/\/www.adventuresinmapping.com","user_registered":"2018-03-02 00:19:05","user_description":"I have far too much fun looking for ways to understand and present data visually, hopefully driving product strategy and engaging users. I work in the ArcGIS Living Atlas team at Esri, pushing and pulling data in all sorts of absurd ways and then sharing the process. I also design user experiences for maps and apps.\r\nWhen I'm not doing those things, I'm chasing around toddlers and wrangling chickens, and generally getting into other ad-hoc adventures. Life is good.\r\nYou might also like these Styles for ArcGIS Pro: esriurl.com\/nelsonstyles","user_avatar":"<img data-del=\"avatar\" src='https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Profile.jpg' class='avatar pp-user-avatar avatar-96 photo ' height='96' width='96'\/>"}],"related_articles":"","card_image":false,"wide_image":false},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Lights On &amp; Lights Out<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/analytics\/analytics\/lights-on-lights-out\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lights On &amp; Lights Out\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/analytics\/analytics\/lights-on-lights-out\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ArcGIS Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/esrigis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-07-19T18:52:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ESRI\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":[\"Article\",\"BlogPosting\"],\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/analytics\/analytics\/lights-on-lights-out#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/analytics\/analytics\/lights-on-lights-out\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"John Nelson\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/#\/schema\/person\/c7b930618049977e8eb11eef6b671468\"},\"headline\":\"Lights On &#038; 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