{"id":770701,"date":"2020-03-16T05:29:02","date_gmt":"2020-03-16T12:29:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/?post_type=blog&p=770701"},"modified":"2020-04-28T00:16:51","modified_gmt":"2020-04-28T07:16:51","slug":"indoor-location-technologies-in-the-spotlight","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis-indoors\/mapping\/indoor-location-technologies-in-the-spotlight","title":{"rendered":"Indoor Location Technologies in the Spotlight"},"author":9212,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_searchwp_excluded":""},"categories":[22941],"tags":[36451,385632,590761,383332,176452],"industry":[],"product":[350942],"class_list":["post-770701","blog","type-blog","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mapping","tag-arcgis-indoors","tag-indoor-gis","tag-indoor-location-technology","tag-indoor-positioning","tag-mapping","product-arcgis-indoors"],"acf":{"short_description":"Various different indoor location technologies are out on the market, answering the call for GPS-like solutions inside buildings. ","flexible_content":[{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"

The introduction of GPS services has changed our world completely.\u00a0<\/span>The signal\u00a0<\/span>has reached all sectors of human life t<\/span>o fulfill\u00a0<\/span>all kinds of<\/span>\u00a0purposes<\/span>, ranging from cartography,\u00a0<\/span>astronomy and<\/span>\u00a0tracking environmental disasters\u00a0<\/span>to robotics and locating one\u2019s pet.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>While GPS has therefore contributed massively to\u00a0<\/span>explore and conquer the outdoor world, indoor spaces remain\u00a0<\/span>vastly uncharted.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

This is mostly d<\/span>ue to a severe line-of-sight obstruction,<\/span>\u00a0resulting in<\/span>\u00a0GPS signals\u00a0<\/span>being too weak<\/span>\u00a0to render\u00a0<\/span>reliable\u00a0<\/span>indoor\u00a0<\/span>positioning results.\u00a0<\/span>In fact, in some places you won\u2019t be able to receive any signal at all.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

I<\/span>f you want to enable accurate indoor location,\u00a0<\/span>a<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>different approach\u00a0<\/span>to technology must<\/span>\u00a0be taken<\/span>. Up until now, no\u00a0<\/span>single<\/span>\u00a0technology\u00a0<\/span>could be<\/span>\u00a0established as a standard, so multiple different methods are\u00a0<\/span>competing<\/span>\u00a0on the market<\/span>\u00a0today<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The technologies can be roughly categorized into\u00a0<\/span>those based on\u00a0<\/span>signals of opportunity,\u00a0<\/span>on pre-installed infrastructure and others. Signals of opportunit<\/span>y<\/span>\u00a0include\u00a0<\/span>e.g.\u00a0<\/span>WiFi<\/span>\u00a0and<\/span>\u00a0the earth<\/span>\u2019s magnetic field<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>Beacons on the other hand are a great example of hardware infrastructure that must be deployed<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>– other examples would be UWB (<\/span>Ultra Wide<\/span>\u00a0Band) and infrared systems.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

While\u00a0<\/span>ArcGIS Indoors<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>has the most exper<\/span>tise<\/span>\u00a0with Beacon-powered indoor location technology, it\u00a0<\/span>follows\u00a0<\/span>an agnostic approach and can\u00a0<\/span>work with\u00a0<\/span>other<\/span>\u00a0leading technolog<\/span>y providers<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In this blogpost, we<\/span>\u00a0want to introduce you to th<\/span>e most popular and often used indoor location technologies<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

BLE Beacons<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

Indoor positioning based on BLE Beacons, falls under the category that uses pre-deployed infrastructure. These technologies are usually\u00a0<\/span>more cost-intensive than others, but also achieve better positioning results.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bluetooth Low Energy Beacons<\/span>\u00a0are small radio transmitters that are mounted on the inside walls of\u00a0<\/span>a<\/span>\u00a0building. They are one-way communicators and send out\u00a0<\/span>a\u00a0<\/span>signal about their position\u00a0<\/span>to Bluetooth enabled devices in their proximity.\u00a0<\/span>Their range varies depending on th<\/span>e type of Beacon and can be 1-150 meters (3.2 – 492ft).\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

A Beacon is a relatively simple construct<\/span>\u00a0with a compact design<\/span>. It contains a lithium battery, CPU and\u00a0<\/span>radio<\/span>\u00a0a<\/span>nd<\/span>\u00a0fits into the palm of a hand<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0To allow a mobile phone to pick up a positioning signal from the Beacon,\u00a0<\/span>it must have<\/span>\u00a0a location-enabled app installed.<\/span>\u00a0This could be any kind of app end<\/span>orsed by the building management<\/span>, such as an airport app<\/span>\u00a0at a specific airport<\/span>, a hospital app,<\/span>\u00a0or shopping mall app<\/span>\u00a0(to name just a few examples)<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

I<\/span>f the mobile comes into range of a Beacon, it then picks up the signal and can compute its own position inside the building. A blue dot visualizes this real-time position on a map inside the application.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Beacon powered\u00a0<\/span>indoor positioning is\u00a0<\/span>one of the two\u00a0<\/span>standard met<\/span>hod<\/span>s<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>ArcGIS Indoors uses based on\u00a0<\/span>its long-term expertise with it and the<\/span>\u00a0high<\/span>–<\/span>quality results\u00a0<\/span>it produces.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n"},{"acf_fc_layout":"image","image":{"ID":785401,"id":785401,"title":"AdobeStock_218718004-min (1)","filename":"AdobeStock_218718004-min-1-scaled.jpg","filesize":263894,"url":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/03\/AdobeStock_218718004-min-1-scaled.jpg","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/arcgis-indoors\/mapping\/indoor-location-technologies-in-the-spotlight\/adobestock_218718004-min-1","alt":"indoor location technologies in the spotlight bluetooth low energy beacons","author":"9212","description":"","caption":"","name":"adobestock_218718004-min-1","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":770701,"date":"2020-03-27 09:27:59","modified":"2020-03-27 09:28:36","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","type":"image","subtype":"jpeg","icon":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":2560,"height":1709,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/03\/AdobeStock_218718004-min-1-213x200.jpg","thumbnail-width":213,"thumbnail-height":200,"medium":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/03\/AdobeStock_218718004-min-1-scaled.jpg","medium-width":391,"medium-height":261,"medium_large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/03\/AdobeStock_218718004-min-1-scaled.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":513,"large":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/03\/AdobeStock_218718004-min-1-scaled.jpg","large-width":1618,"large-height":1080,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/03\/AdobeStock_218718004-min-1-1536x1025.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":1025,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/03\/AdobeStock_218718004-min-1-2048x1367.jpg","2048x2048-width":2048,"2048x2048-height":1367,"card_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/03\/AdobeStock_218718004-min-1-697x465.jpg","card_image-width":697,"card_image-height":465,"wide_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/03\/AdobeStock_218718004-min-1-1618x1080.jpg","wide_image-width":1618,"wide_image-height":1080}},"image_position":"center","orientation":"horizontal","hyperlink":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"

For more information on BLE Beacons, how they work and what they can and cannot do, please read our blogpost<\/span><\/b> “What are BLE Beacons?”<\/a>.<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

WiFi<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

WiFi<\/span>\u00a0is one of the most convenient ways to enable indoor location technology. That is because the infrastructure is usually already in place and you don\u2019t need\u00a0<\/span>to install\u00a0<\/span>any additional hardware.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In terms of accuracy,\u00a0<\/span>WiFi<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>ranges between 5-15 meters (16-49 ft), which\u00a0<\/span>is lower than\u00a0<\/span>the achievable accuracy using<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>BLE Beacons and VLC.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Depending on your use case, t<\/span>his may not be\u00a0<\/span>an impediment\u00a0<\/span>though.\u00a0<\/span>For insta<\/span>n<\/span>ce, i<\/span>f you\u00a0<\/span>just need to\u00a0<\/span>determine which room a specific asset\u00a0is located in,\u00a0<\/span>this level of accuracy may be enough. However, i<\/span>f you<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>need precise positioning for wayfinding,\u00a0<\/span>another technology may be more suitable.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Wi<\/span>F<\/span>i<\/span>–<\/span>based positioning is the other of the two standard positioning systems,\u00a0<\/span>ArcGIS Indoors supports<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Magnetic field fingerprinting<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

This technology uses the earth\u2019s magnetic field and its irregularities to determine indoor positions. More precisely, a magnetometer detects the variations in the magnetic field.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Creating a fingerprint database of these, allows you to estimate indoor positions.\u00a0<\/span>The more irregularities, the more unique a fingerprint will be, resulting in higher positioning accuracy.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The main advantages of existing-signal based indoor positioning technologies are the relatively wide\u00a0<\/span>coverage and lower costs.\u00a0<\/span>However, ju<\/span>st like with\u00a0<\/span>Wi<\/span>Fi<\/span>, accuracy of the positioning results is relatively lower<\/span>\u00a0in this case<\/span>\u00a0too. This\u00a0<\/span>is due to signal interferences that can be caused by\u00a0<\/span>electronic devices and ferromagnetic materials in the indoor environment.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Visible Light Communication (VLC)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

A VLC system\u00a0<\/span>uses the visible light spectrum to communicate\u00a0<\/span>and transmit information<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>It consists of two main components,\u00a0<\/span>i<\/span>.e.\u00a0<\/span>l<\/span>ight emitting diode (LED) transmitters and photo diode\u00a0<\/span>(PD)\u00a0<\/span>optical receivers<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>VLC can be integrated into the existing lighting infrastructure<\/span>\u00a0inside the building.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Devices that are equipped with light sensors can receive the signals and turn them into location information.\u00a0<\/span>These\u00a0<\/span>optical receivers<\/span>\u00a0can be as simple as a\u00a0<\/span>mobile computer or\u00a0<\/span>standard smartphone camera.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

If a smartphone comes into vicinity of a transmitter it decodes the\u00a0<\/span>LED position and calculates its own position accordingly.\u00a0<\/span>While VLC systems can achieve positioning accuracy down to 30cm,\u00a0<\/span>in order\u00a0<\/span>f<\/span>o<\/span>r<\/span>\u00a0it to work, the lights\u00a0<\/span>have to<\/span>\u00a0be on and a clear line of sight between the lights and the\u00a0<\/span>senso<\/span>rs needs to be granted.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Currently<\/span>, m<\/span>agnetic field fingerprinting and VLC are\u00a0<\/span>not supported by ArcGIS Indoors yet, but it is planned that they will be\u00a0<\/span>in the\u00a0<\/span>near\u00a0<\/span>future<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Unfortunately, there is no one perfect indoor location solution out there.\u00a0<\/span>Factors like your budget and type of use case will play a decisive role\u00a0<\/span>in choosing the right technology.\u00a0<\/span>If you would like to learn more about indoor location technology powered by Esri, please\u00a0<\/span><\/b>visit ArcGIS Indoors<\/a><\/span><\/b>\u00a0or\u00a0<\/span><\/b>get in touch with one of our experts.<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n"}],"authors":[{"ID":9212,"user_firstname":"Silvia","user_lastname":"Pichler","nickname":"Silvia Pichler","user_nicename":"spichler","display_name":"Silvia Pichler","user_email":"spichler@esri.com","user_url":"","user_registered":"2019-03-20 16:58:24","user_description":"Silvia is the Sr. Product Marketing Manager for ArcGIS Indoors, ArcGIS IPS and ArcGIS Data Reviewer at Esri. As such, her mission is to raise awareness for the ever growing opportunities of bringing GIS to the indoor space and the importance of data quality.","user_avatar":""}],"related_articles":[{"ID":749431,"post_author":"12401","post_date":"2020-02-26 13:25:35","post_date_gmt":"2020-02-26 21:25:35","post_content":"","post_title":"5 Ways Indoor Maps Will Make Your Hospital Smarter","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"5-ways-indoor-maps-will-make-your-hospital-smarter","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-12-01 11:28:25","post_modified_gmt":"2021-12-01 19:28:25","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/?post_type=blog&p=749431","menu_order":0,"post_type":"blog","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"2","filter":"raw"},{"ID":530852,"post_author":"9212","post_date":"2019-06-25 04:08:11","post_date_gmt":"2019-06-25 11:08:11","post_content":"","post_title":"5 Areas Where Location Sharing Makes Sense Indoors","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"5-areas-where-location-sharing-makes-sense-indoors","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2019-06-25 04:11:54","post_modified_gmt":"2019-06-25 11:11:54","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/?post_type=blog&p=530852","menu_order":0,"post_type":"blog","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":668042,"post_author":"9212","post_date":"2019-12-01 03:34:45","post_date_gmt":"2019-12-01 11:34:45","post_content":"","post_title":"Smart Cities - Challenges and Opportunities","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"smart-cities","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-08-02 22:52:03","post_modified_gmt":"2021-08-03 05:52:03","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/?post_type=blog&p=668042","menu_order":0,"post_type":"blog","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":565382,"post_author":"9212","post_date":"2019-07-16 01:54:49","post_date_gmt":"2019-07-16 08:54:49","post_content":"","post_title":"Indoor Positioning Use Cases for Airports","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"indoor-positioning-use-cases-for-airports","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2019-07-31 05:03:04","post_modified_gmt":"2019-07-31 12:03:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/?post_type=blog&p=565382","menu_order":0,"post_type":"blog","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":632302,"post_author":"9212","post_date":"2019-10-11 01:07:12","post_date_gmt":"2019-10-11 08:07:12","post_content":"","post_title":"7 Reasons Why You Need ArcGIS Indoors","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"7-reasons-why-you-need-arcgis-indoors","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-09-02 08:09:36","post_modified_gmt":"2021-09-02 15:09:36","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/?post_type=blog&p=632302","menu_order":0,"post_type":"blog","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":595872,"post_author":"9212","post_date":"2019-08-28 13:18:37","post_date_gmt":"2019-08-28 20:18:37","post_content":"","post_title":"Creating a Smart Corporate Campus with ArcGIS Indoors","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"creating-a-smart-corporate-campus-with-arcgis-indoors","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2019-08-28 14:11:47","post_modified_gmt":"2019-08-28 21:11:47","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/?post_type=blog&p=595872","menu_order":0,"post_type":"blog","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"card_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/03\/indoor-location-tech-blog-628x465-1.png","wide_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2020\/03\/indoor-location-tech-blog-1920x1080-1.png"},"yoast_head":"\nIndoor Location Technologies in the Spotlight | ArcGIS Indoors<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Various different indoor location technologies are out on the market, answering the call for GPS-like solutions inside buildings. 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