{"id":80471,"date":"2017-12-05T11:27:32","date_gmt":"2017-12-05T11:27:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/product\/uncategorized\/water-lines-they-need-some-space\/"},"modified":"2018-03-26T21:15:32","modified_gmt":"2018-03-26T21:15:32","slug":"water-lines-they-need-some-space","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/analytics\/analytics\/water-lines-they-need-some-space","title":{"rendered":"Water Lines&#8230;They need some space"},"author":6971,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_searchwp_excluded":""},"categories":[23341,22941,22771,23051],"tags":[23201,22821,23391],"industry":[],"product":[36561],"class_list":["post-80471","blog","type-blog","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-analytics","category-mapping","category-natural-resources","category-water","tag-cartographic-design","tag-oceans-and-maritime","tag-spatial-analytics","product-arcgis-pro"],"acf":{"short_description":"It's not you, it's them. They just need a little bit of space right now. In fact, the more space they get the more space they need.\n\n\nWha...","flexible_content":[{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<p>It&#8217;s not you, it&#8217;s them. They just need a little bit of space right now. In fact, the more space they get the more space they need.<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Click to embiggen...\" href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/12\/130.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-90448 noIMGBackground\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/12\/130.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1241\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h1>What<\/h1>\n<p>First, let&#8217;s appreciate the magnificence of some outstanding examples from our forebearers. Here is a snapshot I took of a big varnished old wall map of Michigan townships that I found at a place called &#8220;<a title=\"Stumbled upon while driving randomly through Michigan's middle. Turkey is their thing.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.turkeyville.com\/restaurant\/\" target=\"_blank\">Turkeyville<\/a>.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Click to embiggen...\" href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/12\/TownshipWaterlines.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-90433 noIMGBackground\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/12\/TownshipWaterlines.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"827\" height=\"1024\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The linework is incredible. And see how the lines have an increased separation with each ring? This, in mimicking the appearance of an actual water ripple that might emanate from a tossed pebble, also serves to create a dropshadow effect. The edge of the water feature has a denser spacing so it gives the coastline an edge that, when seen at a distance, has an appealing dimensionality.<\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s an other example I saw hanging on the wall of the Petoskey, Mi, <a title=\"Shhh!\" href=\"https:\/\/www.petoskeylibrary.org\/about-the-library\/buildings-and-grounds\/gallery\/\" target=\"_blank\">library<\/a>. It&#8217;s a <a title=\"A real 19th century map factory...\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=cram%27s+sectional+map+michigan&amp;rlz=1C1GGRV_enUS751US751&amp;tbm=isch&amp;tbas=0&amp;source=lnt&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjpj_qTovPXAhVQ2mMKHcTrB-MQpwUIHg&amp;biw=1920&amp;bih=974&amp;dpr=1#imgrc=_\" target=\"_blank\">Cram&#8217;s<\/a> sectional map from 1883. These water lines are also iteratively increased in their separation. This spacing rate is more than the map, above. Pay no mind to the alarmingly hastily applied watercolor tinting.<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Click to embiggen...\" href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/12\/CramWaterlines.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-90434 noIMGBackground\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/12\/CramWaterlines.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"576\" height=\"1024\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>So let&#8217;s think about that rate of water line spacing. If the spacing were the same for each water line ring, that would give it a spacing of 100%. If the distance doubled with every ring, that would be a spacing of 200%. How much or little the spacing changes is wholly up to you, the cartographer. Daniel Huffman, a mighty-thoughtful cartographer, has <a title=\"Super helpful...\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cartographicperspectives.org\/index.php\/journal\/article\/viewFile\/94\/156\" target=\"_blank\">written a paper in Cartographic Perspectives<\/a> on this. If you have a couple minutes, it&#8217;s welllll worth the read.<\/p>\n<h1>How?<\/h1>\n<p>Water lines could be a really interesting way for you to bestow a beautiful crafted quality to your maps. And it&#8217;s a pretty straightforward process in Arc GIS Pro, using the <a title=\"For when one buffer ring just won't cut it...\" href=\"http:\/\/pro.arcgis.com\/en\/pro-app\/tool-reference\/analysis\/multiple-ring-buffer.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Multiple Ring Buffer<\/a> tool.<\/p>\n<p>With any feature type (though, in this regard, polygons make by far the most sense), you just define a set of distances around which you&#8217;d like to add the buffer rings. If your layer is water bodies, then the buffer distances will be negative (inner rings, for your water features) so they render within your polygons. If you are buffering land then distances should be positive so the water lines appear outside the land.<\/p>\n<p>One tip for the Multiple Ring Buffer tool. When you define your distances, you have to do it one at a time. Add a distance, then when you hit tab or give something else focus, a new empty text box will appear for another distance.\u00a0C&#8217;est la vie.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Buffer.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-90443 noIMGBackground\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Buffer.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"342\" height=\"686\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>But wait, how did I come up with these arbitrary looking distances?? I&#8217;ve carefully and tenderly crafted <a title=\"A spreadsheet? This guy is directing us to a spreadsheet??\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/1jeexb_WT3Q0S_upAPInUzO6VlEOcpZo3BHRkpXv-_YY\/\" target=\"_blank\">this handy dandy water line distance calculator<\/a> for you (and me)&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Click, and behold the glories of spreadsheets in the browser...\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/1jeexb_WT3Q0S_upAPInUzO6VlEOcpZo3BHRkpXv-_YY\/\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-90445 noIMGBackground\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/12\/WaterLineCalc.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"895\" height=\"819\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>You could also use this calculator to set up pixel-based line offsets in a graphic design program, if you so choose.<\/p>\n<h1>How Far?<\/h1>\n<p>Just far enough, that&#8217;s how far. Daniel Huffman likes a spacing of 120%. I lean closer to 130%. But I am also pretty intrigued by the rather trippy <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Golden_ratio\" target=\"_blank\">phi<\/a>-inspired offset of 161%. Let&#8217;s take some looks together&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>100%. No increase in spacing. Booooorrrrriiiiing&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Click to embiggen...\" href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/12\/100.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-90451 noIMGBackground\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/12\/100.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1241\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>110%. Slightly less Booooorrrrriiiiing&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Click to embiggen...\" href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/12\/110.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-90453 noIMGBackground\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/12\/110.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1241\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>120%. Ok, these are some professional looking offsets!<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Click to embiggen...\" href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/12\/120.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-90455 noIMGBackground\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/12\/120.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1241\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Oh but I like 130% a bit more&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Click to embiggen...\" href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/12\/1301.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-90456 noIMGBackground\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/12\/1301.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1241\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>This one is pretty erratic, but the more I look at it the more I dig it&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Click to embiggen...\" href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/12\/161.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-90457 noIMGBackground\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/12\/161.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1241\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>When you were making cookies as a kid, did you ever want to just see what happened if you made ONE GIANT COOKIE instead of a bunch of little ones? Here is the cartographic equivalent. This is all of the above offsets shown at once&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Click to embiggen...\" href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/12\/All.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-90458 noIMGBackground\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/12\/All.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1241\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>And I like it! It sort of reminds me of a cross-section of an <a title=\"Just insane...\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?rlz=1C1GGRV_enUS751US751&amp;biw=1920&amp;bih=974&amp;tbm=isch&amp;sa=1&amp;ei=Ou4mWpjZBIOIjwOT45KIDg&amp;q=agate&amp;oq=agate&amp;gs_l=psy-ab.3..0i67k1j0j0i67k1j0l7.3395.3518.0.3713.2.2.0.0.0.0.191.191.0j1.1.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..1.1.191....0.Zi4EFyIblrU\" target=\"_blank\">agate<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h1>Steal This Style<\/h1>\n<p>Say, did you notice that these water line examples have sort of a sketchy hand-drawn stroke? That&#8217;s because I tried to make them look like they have a\u00a0sketchy hand-drawn stroke. It is a multi-layered symbol that uses dashes and picture strokes to look like pen or graphite on a textured surface. I mean, if you are making water lines, why not go all the way?<\/p>\n<p>You can <a title=\"Get ready to live...\" href=\"https:\/\/nation.maps.arcgis.com\/home\/item.html?id=62945cc74c7e4eb7b4e3141783f1db09\" target=\"_blank\">download my ArcGIS Pro style file here<\/a>. And <a href=\"http:\/\/pro.arcgis.com\/en\/pro-app\/help\/projects\/connect-to-a-style.htm\">here are instructions<\/a> on how to add the style to your project for crafty use on your buffer polygons.<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Layered styles are magical. A dark evil magic...\" href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/12\/LineStyle.png\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-90465 noIMGBackground\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2017\/12\/LineStyle.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1749\" height=\"887\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>So that&#8217;s that. Water lines via the Multiple Ring Buffer tool in ArcGIS Pro and the crafty little distance calculator spreadsheet. Also the hand-drawn stroke style.<\/p>\n<p>P.S. If you are really into the retro hand-drawn aesthetic, you might like <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.esri.com\/esri\/arcgis\/2017\/11\/07\/mega-easy-coastal-stipple-effect\/\" target=\"_blank\">this post on a coastal stipple effect<\/a>. It&#8217;s a bit like water lines but&#8230;you know&#8230;something else. And if you are into THAT then you will certainly be intrigued by <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.esri.com\/esri\/arcgis\/2017\/06\/09\/fantasy-book-illustration-maps-in-arcgis-pro\/\" target=\"_blank\">this series on creating a fantasy map aesthetic<\/a> in Pro.<\/p>\n<p>Happy Water Line Mapping! <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/John_M_Nelson\" target=\"_blank\">John<\/a><\/p>\n"}],"authors":[{"ID":6971,"user_firstname":"John","user_lastname":"Nelson","nickname":"John Nelson","user_nicename":"j_nelson","display_name":"John Nelson","user_email":"John_Nelson@esri.com","user_url":"http:\/\/www.adventuresinmapping.com","user_registered":"2018-03-02 00:19:05","user_description":"I have far too much fun looking for ways to understand and present data visually, hopefully driving product strategy and engaging users. I work in the ArcGIS Living Atlas team at Esri, pushing and pulling data in all sorts of absurd ways and then sharing the process. I also design user experiences for maps and apps.\r\nWhen I'm not doing those things, I'm chasing around toddlers and wrangling chickens, and generally getting into other ad-hoc adventures. Life is good.\r\nYou might also like these Styles for ArcGIS Pro: esriurl.com\/nelsonstyles","user_avatar":"<img data-del=\"avatar\" src='https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Profile.jpg' class='avatar pp-user-avatar avatar-96 photo ' height='96' width='96'\/>"}]},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Water Lines...They need some space<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/analytics\/analytics\/water-lines-they-need-some-space\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Water Lines...They need some space\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" 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