{"id":81841,"date":"2018-01-16T12:30:14","date_gmt":"2018-01-16T12:30:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/product\/uncategorized\/vertical-coordinate-systems-local-use-cases\/"},"modified":"2020-08-05T08:34:31","modified_gmt":"2020-08-05T15:34:31","slug":"vertical-coordinate-systems-local-use-cases","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/3d-gis\/3d-gis\/vertical-coordinate-systems-local-use-cases","title":{"rendered":"Vertical Coordinate Systems: Local Use Cases"},"author":7491,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_searchwp_excluded":""},"categories":[23771],"tags":[],"industry":[],"product":[36561],"class_list":["post-81841","blog","type-blog","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-3d-gis","product-arcgis-pro"],"acf":{"short_description":"ArcGIS Pro is a powerful rich client that supports vertical coordinate systems\u00a0(VCS)\u00a0in both global\u00a0and local scenes. This blog\u00a0focus...","flexible_content":[{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"

ArcGIS Pro is a powerful rich client that supports vertical coordinate systems\u00a0(VCS)\u00a0in both global\u00a0and local scenes. This blog\u00a0focuses\u00a0on\u00a0support for local scenes in ArcGIS Pro.\u00a0For support of global scenes across the platform\u00a0click here<\/a> <\/strong>and for an overview into Vertical Coordinate Systems click\u00a0here<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

VCS Quick Overview<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

Before discussing\u00a0why\u00a0we need a\u00a0VCS,\u00a0let\u2019s talk about what a VCS is.\u00a0A\u00a0vertical\u00a0coordinate\u00a0system\u00a0defines the origin for height or depth values.\u00a0A VCS is composed of the following components:<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

The\u00a0key\u00a0question we need to ask is why do we need a VCS in the first place? The answers are similar as why you would need a\u00a0horizontal\u00a0coordinate\u00a0system (HCS). You need to be able to accurately locate real world features in your scene. This is especially important if you will edit the data, create new data, or perform analysis. GIS users know full well how frustrating it can be to come across undefined data or incorrectly defined\u00a0data\u00a0so it is essential not only to have the correct HCS but a VCS as well.<\/p>\n

\n

Some additional questions you need to ask are what units should I be using and am I modelling phenomena with positive heights above\u00a0a surface or positive depths\u00a0below a surface? Also, are these phenomena influenced by gravity and atmospheric forces that require a gravity-related VCS or are the vertical values relative to an ellipsoidal surface.<\/p>\n

Adding Data<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

When you first add your data to ArcGIS Pro the\u00a0vertical coordinate system\u00a0of the scene\u00a0is not set by default as the\u00a0horizontal coordinate system\u00a0is so you need to make sure this is set properly. Also, if you plan on converting your local scene to a global scene,\u00a0you will need to make sure the global scene supports the VCS. Currently the global scene only supports ellipsoidal VCS as well as\u00a0the\u00a0EGM2008 and\u00a0EGM96\u00a0gravity-related VCS.\u00a0Local scenes\u00a0support ellipsoidal\u00a0and all gravity-related VCS.\u00a0When you use an ellipsoidal vertical coordinate system, you must ensure that it matches the geographic coordinate system. For example, if z-value height is defined in NAD 1983, the geographic coordinate system must be defined in NAD 1983 also, not WGS 1984.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Transformations<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

One of the many reasons why\u00a0ArcGIS Pro\u00a0is\u00a0so powerful is its support for\u00a0vertical coordinate system\u00a0transformations (i.e.\u00a0projecting on the fly). You can have multiple layers with different VCS and ArcGIS Pro will properly project the data on the fly. Keep in mind that this does come at a cost for performance as the software is required to make the necessary calculations for the data to line up correctly.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u00a0If you plan on using\u00a0VCS transformations<\/a>\u00a0you need to make sure the ArcGIS Pro Coordinate System Data is installed. This is a separate installation from the default ArcGIS Pro install.\u00a0This installation includes\u00a0EGM2008,\u00a0GEOID12b, and New Zealand\u00a0Quasigeoid\u00a02016\u00a0geoid models; VERTCON files; GEOCON v1;\u00a0New Zealand transformations between local geoids\/gravity-related VCS NZGD2000 or 2016 ellipsoidal\u00a0heights;and\u00a0NTv2 files for\u00a0Canada, Spain,\u00a0Switzerland,\u00a0XRail, and OSTN15. Ellipsoid to Ellipsoid transformations\u00a0use standard geographic transformations\u00a0that support height. Ellipsoid to gravity-related transformation\u00a0uses file-based VERTCON, geoid models or equation based methods.\u00a0VCS transformations can be applied in the scene properties\u2019\u00a0transformation tab.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Sharing Data<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

It is important to keep in mind the\u00a0vertical coordinate system\u00a0when converting the data or sharing the data to ArcGIS Online or Portal for ArcGIS. If you decide to create a scene layer package keep in mind that the VCS will need to be set in the tool. If you are sharing the data to a portal,\u00a0the HCS and VCS information will be taken from the scene properties. Please ensure they are set properly\u00a0prior to sharing to a portal.\u00a0For a more\u00a0in depth\u00a0discussing on sharing across the platform see the\u00a0global use cases blog.<\/p>\n

Use cases<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

Note<\/strong>:\u00a0The following use cases are examples only and are not professional recommendations on how data should be set up.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Water Wells<\/strong><\/p>\n

Project Requirements<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Recent droughts across the planet have led to a\u00a0boom in the water well business. With so many water wells needed for agricultural land\u00a0and urban uses, it is essential that\u00a0wells\u00a0be drilled at\u00a0an\u00a0appropriate depth to reach the aquifer and ensure\u00a0a sufficient amount of\u00a0water\u00a0over time. In this scenario, a gravity-related vertical coordinate system is necessary.\u00a0With this in mind, the\u00a0NAVD88 depth VCS will be sufficient for this project. Specifically, NAVD88 will be more suitable for the data as it is fit for North America\u00a0and the project location is North American-based. Additionally, the Direction parameter is set to positive down so no parameter manipulation is necessary.<\/p>\n

The well company has an empty\u00a0feature class already created but\u00a0the GIS Analyst\u00a0needs to convert\u00a0the data to use a new horizontal coordinate system and vertical coordinate system.\u00a0The data currently is set to use WGS 1984 HCS. The GIS Manager would like the data to be in UTM Zone 11N NAD 1983 with VCS of NAVD88. The procedure for doing this is to use the\u00a0Project\u00a0Tool\u00a0.\u00a0The image below shows the\u00a0desired\u00a0HCS and VCS set as well as the proper transformation required to transform the data. As the data did not have VCS,\u00a0only the HCS transformation is listed.<\/p>\n

Once the feature class has been projected the GIS Analyst can now use it to add the new water well locations with the correct HCS and VCS.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Flood Mapping<\/strong><\/p>\n

Project Requirements<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Like clockwork,\u00a0rivers flood during the Spring. For cities that are situated along a\u00a0river, flooding is a regular\u00a0occurrence. What does change are the\u00a0scale and severity of flooding during each season. Some floods may be mild and others\u00a0more severe. Collecting data with a\u00a0vertical\u00a0coordinate\u00a0system ensures accurate data is collected and\u00a0can\u00a0be compared against other datasets across time. For this use case, a gravity-related VCS is most appropriate.\u00a0Specifically, NAVD88\u00a0(height) (ftUS)\u00a0is\u00a0a good fit as most of the city\u2019s\u00a0data are in a State Plane Coordinate System in units of feet.\u00a0Another key parameter is that the direction is positive up.\u00a0If the VCS was not set when the data was created it can be set properly using the Project Tool.\u00a0With the VCS set, the city can confidently collect flood height data at different flood stages throughout the city.<\/p>\n

Esri Campus Buildings<\/strong><\/p>\n

Project Requirements<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

One of the principal reasons for a\u00a0vertical coordinate system\u00a0is accuracy for editing workflows.\u00a0The Esri campus is expanding and recently an addition was added to building M on\u00a0the north side of the building. As part of the building addition, accurate heights are\u00a0necessary\u00a0so\u00a0the new building can be added to the existing building. For this project the existing\u00a0multipatch\u00a0feature class needed to be edited to include the new addition. The existing building had an HCS and VCS in\u00a0State Plane\u00a0but the new specifications require\u00a0the projection to be in UTM. For this project, we will use the Project tool and apply a vertical transformation.\u00a0The new output\u00a0horizontal coordinate system\u00a0will be\u00a0UTM Zone 11N WGS 1984\u00a0with a\u00a0vertical coordinate\u00a0sysetm\u00a0of\u00a0EGM2008 Geoid.\u00a0Once the data has been projected it is ready to edit to add the new building addition.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Project Tool with Vertical Transformation<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n"}],"authors":[{"ID":7491,"user_firstname":"Andrew","user_lastname":"Johnson","nickname":"Andrew Johnson","user_nicename":"andrew_scenelayers","display_name":"Andrew Johnson","user_email":"Andrew_Johnson@esri.com","user_url":"","user_registered":"2018-03-21 18:21:21","user_description":"Principal Product Engineer on the Scene Layers Team. Holds a Masters of Science degree in Geography from Southern Illinois University and Bachelor of Arts degree in Geography from Augustana College. A Geographer at heart but holds a passion for all things 3D and seeing 3D advance in the ArcGIS system.","user_avatar":""}],"related_articles":[{"ID":81821,"post_author":"7491","post_date":"2018-01-16 10:57:29","post_date_gmt":"2018-01-16 10:57:29","post_content":"","post_title":"Vertical Coordinate Systems: Global use cases","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vertical-coordinate-systems-global-use-cases","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2018-03-26 21:16:28","post_modified_gmt":"2018-03-26 21:16:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/product\/uncategorized\/vertical-coordinate-systems-global-use-cases\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"blog","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":81811,"post_author":"7491","post_date":"2018-01-16 10:46:13","post_date_gmt":"2018-01-16 10:46:13","post_content":"","post_title":"Vertical Coordinate Systems in the ArcGIS Platform","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vertical-coordinate-systems-in-the-arcgis-platform","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-05-24 05:50:39","post_modified_gmt":"2021-05-24 12:50:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/product\/uncategorized\/vertical-coordinate-systems-in-the-arcgis-platform\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"blog","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"card_image":false,"wide_image":false},"yoast_head":"\nVertical Coordinate Systems: Local Use Cases<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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