{"id":81911,"date":"2018-01-17T15:00:31","date_gmt":"2018-01-17T15:00:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/product\/uncategorized\/interpolation-in-the-presence-of-barriers\/"},"modified":"2018-03-26T21:16:33","modified_gmt":"2018-03-26T21:16:33","slug":"interpolation-in-the-presence-of-barriers","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/analytics\/analytics\/interpolation-in-the-presence-of-barriers","title":{"rendered":"Interpolation in the presence of barriers"},"author":5201,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_searchwp_excluded":""},"categories":[23341],"tags":[34131,25631],"industry":[],"product":[37031],"class_list":["post-81911","blog","type-blog","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-analytics","tag-interpolation","tag-spatial-analysis","product-spatial-analyst"],"acf":{"short_description":"For the Spline with Barriers interpolation tool, the enhancements that were made when the tool was implemented in ArcGIS Pro 2.0 are now ...","flexible_content":[{"acf_fc_layout":"content","content":"<p>For the <a href=\"http:\/\/pro.arcgis.com\/en\/pro-app\/tool-reference\/spatial-analyst\/spline-with-barriers.htm\">Spline with Barriers<\/a> interpolation tool, the enhancements that were made when the tool was implemented in ArcGIS Pro 2.0 are now also available in ArcGIS 10.6. Let\u2019s have a look at the history of this tool, and some example applications. <!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>Tool History<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Spline with Barriers tool was first implemented in ArcGIS more than ten years ago.\u00a0 It was included in the Spatial Analyst and 3D Analyst toolboxes initially as a script tool which called a Java library that performed the interpolation.\u00a0 The tool was not included in the initial release of ArcGIS Pro.\u00a0 However, for ArcGIS Pro 2.0 the tool was rewritten in C++ with some optimizations and bug fixes. This improved C++ implementation is now also available in ArcGIS 10.6, and has replaced the older Java implementation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Applications<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Often we have a variable that is spatially not continuous and we want to use interpolation to produce an output raster that has values everywhere. For example, soil characteristics, or water quality in a braided meandering stream. In these cases you can use Spline with Barriers and specify either a polygon or polyline feature class to define the boundary of the discontinuity.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Methods and comparisons<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Spatial Analyst and 3D Analyst have two interpolation methods that have an optional barrier input, those being IDW and Spline with Barriers.<\/p>\n<p>The main difference between IDW and Spline with Barriers, other than the algorithm, is the way in which the points that are to be used in the interpolation are defined. IDW uses a \u201cline of sight\u201d approach, which means that if a point can\u2019t be \u201cseen\u201d because of a barrier, then it is not used to make the prediction at that particular location. Spline with Barriers, on the other hand, weights the points based on the shortest distance around a barrier. In the illustration below, IDW (on the left) will only use 3 points to make a prediction when a barrier intervenes. In contrast, Spline with Barriers will utilize all 4 points to make the prediction.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_96621\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-96621\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2018\/06\/spline-with-barriers31.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-96621\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2018\/06\/spline-with-barriers31-300x111.png\" alt=\"Figure 1: Searching neighborhood for IDW (left) and Spline with Barriers (right) when using a barrier.\" width=\"300\" height=\"111\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-96621\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 1: Searching neighborhood for IDW (left) and Spline with Barriers (right) when using a barrier.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Case Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As an example, we\u2019ll use the same case study described in <a href=\"http:\/\/www.esri.com\/esri-news\/arcuser\/summer-2014\/creating-faulted-geologic-surfaces-with-arcgis\">Creating Faulted Geologic Surfaces with ArcGIS<\/a> by Mike Price in the <em>ArcUser<\/em> Summer 2014 issue. In this article, the Spline with Barriers tool (the original Java version) is used.<\/p>\n<p>We\u2019ll use the point feature class, which contains the depth to the top of the Mississippian Leadville Limestone, and a polyline feature class defining the subsurface faults, to create an output depth raster with a cell size of 5 meters.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_96640\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-96640\" style=\"width: 927px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2018\/06\/SWB_fig21.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-96640\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2018\/06\/SWB_fig21.png\" alt=\"Figure 2: The geoprocessing tool dialog is on the left. To the right is the output depth raster, with the input points and barrier layers displayed on top.\" width=\"927\" height=\"526\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-96640\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 2: The geoprocessing tool dialog is on the left. To the right is the output depth raster, with the input points and barrier layers displayed on top.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_96655\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-96655\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2018\/06\/SWB_fig32.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-96655\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2018\/06\/SWB_fig32-300x227.png\" alt=\"Figure 3: The output depth raster displayed in a 3D perspective view.  Note the steps created by the barriers.\" width=\"300\" height=\"227\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-96655\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 3: The output depth raster displayed in a 3D perspective view. Note the steps created by the barriers.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>We often rely on contour lines to aid our interpretation of an interpolated surface. However, in the vicinity of fault lines there may be abrupt changes in the depth values between some adjacent raster cells.\u00a0 As a result, we cannot use the standard <a href=\"http:\/\/pro.arcgis.com\/en\/pro-app\/tool-reference\/spatial-analyst\/contour.htm\">Contour<\/a> tool as it will incorrectly produce many contours in these areas. The <a href=\"http:\/\/pro.arcgis.com\/en\/pro-app\/tool-reference\/spatial-analyst\/contour-with-barriers.htm\">Contour with Barriers<\/a> tool is well suited for this type of data as illustrated in the images above.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This exercise shows how to model the elevation of the top of the Mississippian limestone in Lisbon Valley, Utah, using only formation top elevations and fault barriers to generate a reliable predictive elevation surface.<\/p>\n"}],"authors":[{"ID":5201,"user_firstname":"Steve","user_lastname":"Lynch","nickname":"Steve Lynch","user_nicename":"stevelynch","display_name":"Steve Lynch","user_email":"slynch@esri.com","user_url":"","user_registered":"2018-03-02 00:16:52","user_description":"Steve Lynch is a Senior Product Engineer on the Spatial Analyst Team and has been with Esri since 2003. Previously he was a Senior Research Fellow at the University of KwaZulu-Natal in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. His primary focus was research into long term rainfall variability and the mapping thereof.","user_avatar":"<img data-del=\"avatar\" src='https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/app\/uploads\/2025\/05\/sdl_2024_600x600_300dpi-213x200.jpg' class='avatar pp-user-avatar avatar-96 photo ' height='96' width='96'\/>"}]},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Interpolation in the presence of barriers<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/arcgis-blog\/products\/analytics\/analytics\/interpolation-in-the-presence-of-barriers\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Interpolation in the presence of barriers\" \/>\n<meta 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