{"id":517632,"date":"2024-04-09T18:57:54","date_gmt":"2024-04-09T18:57:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uat.esri.com\/en-us\/industries\/blog\/?post_type=blog&#038;p=517632"},"modified":"2024-08-01T00:13:36","modified_gmt":"2024-08-01T00:13:36","slug":"health-gis-101-introducing-the-geographic-approach","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/industries\/blog\/articles\/health-gis-101-introducing-the-geographic-approach","title":{"rendered":"Health GIS 101: Introducing the Geographic Approach"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-curious-intersection-where-health-meets-location\"><strong>A Curious Intersection: Where Health Meets Location<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"undefined block-editor-paragraph\">What if I told you that the simple questions of &#8220;where?&#8221; and &#8220;why there?&#8221; could unlock the secrets to better health outcomes and more effective disease prevention strategies? Welcome to the fascinating intersection of geography and health, where the age-old saying \u201clocation, location, location\u201d takes on life-saving significance.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"undefined block-editor-paragraph\">This blog marks the beginning of a series, packed with insights, from the nuts and bolts of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/what-is-gis\/overview\">geographic information system (GIS) technology<\/a> to the intricacies of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/capabilities\/spatial-analytics-data-science\/overview\">spatial analysis<\/a> and the power of the ArcGIS platform. With a mix of history, technology, and practical insights, I\u2019ll uncover the vital role of GIS across the health industry. By the end, you&#8217;ll see the world\u2014and its well-being\u2014through a new lens.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-enduring-link-between-place-and-health\"><strong>The Enduring Link Between Place and Health<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"undefined block-editor-paragraph\">Did you know that &#8220;where&#8221; ranks as the 110th most commonly used word in the English language, with &#8220;place&#8221; coming in at 107th? This little trivia underscores a profound truth: location permeates our existence, influencing aspects of life we often take for granted, including health. The connection between location and health is as ancient as it is profound. In the fifth century BCE, Hippocrates, known as the Father of Medicine, astutely observed the impact of environmental factors on health. His treatise &#8220;On Airs, Waters, and Places&#8221; laid the groundwork for understanding that our surroundings significantly influence our well-being. Fast forward to 1854, and we find Dr. John Snow using maps to understand the cholera outbreak in London, a pioneering effort that identified contaminated water as the source of the epidemic and earned him the honorific, the Father of Modern Epidemiology. These historical milestones are not just stories from the past; they are testaments to the critical role of place in health.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-epidemiologic-triad-a-geographic-perspective\"><strong>The Epidemiologic Triad: A Geographic Perspective<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"undefined block-editor-paragraph\">Modern epidemiology often employs the epidemiologic triad as a way to determine the source of infectious disease, non-infectious disease, and accidents or injuries. The triad, taught to every medical and public health student, includes: an agent causing disease, a susceptible host, and an environment where they interact.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/uat.esri.com\/en-us\/industries\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/HealthGIS101_Epi-Triad-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-517642\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/industries\/blog\/app\/uploads\/2024\/04\/HealthGIS101_Epi-Triad-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/industries\/blog\/app\/uploads\/2024\/04\/HealthGIS101_Epi-Triad-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/industries\/blog\/app\/uploads\/2024\/04\/HealthGIS101_Epi-Triad-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/industries\/blog\/app\/uploads\/2024\/04\/HealthGIS101_Epi-Triad.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>The epidemiologic triad has long been a tool used in health to consider the interplay among multiple factors that lead to disease or injury.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"undefined block-editor-paragraph\">Whether the \u2018agent\u2019 is a virus like measles, the impact of extreme heat, or the forces involved in a motor vehicle accident, geography plays a crucial role in understanding these interactions by bringing together the contextual factors defining the environment. The &#8220;where&#8221; then shapes the &#8220;why&#8221; and the &#8220;how&#8221; of health outcomes across these complex systems. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-embracing-the-geographic-approach\"><strong>Embracing the Geographic Approach<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"undefined block-editor-paragraph\">At Esri, we often speak about what we do as the \u201cScience of Where.\u201d And that science is relevant to health because at the heart of Health GIS is the geographic approach, a way of thinking and problem solving that\u2019s grounded in the science of where \u2013 aka the science of geography. Understanding the geographic approach provides a critical foundation for embracing the use of GIS technology in health.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"undefined block-editor-paragraph\">By definition, the science of geography is about the study of people, places and their interactions. In other words, you might say that geography asks and answers questions like:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What is where?<\/li>\n\n<li>Why is it there?<\/li>\n\n<li>And why should we care?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"undefined block-editor-paragraph\">This science gives us a means by which to study complex environments. Certainly, the interconnected network of factors related to health exemplifies this situation.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"602\" src=\"https:\/\/uat.esri.com\/en-us\/industries\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/HealthGIS101_Complex-Network-Small-1024x602.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-517652\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/industries\/blog\/app\/uploads\/2024\/04\/HealthGIS101_Complex-Network-Small-1024x602.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/industries\/blog\/app\/uploads\/2024\/04\/HealthGIS101_Complex-Network-Small-300x177.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/industries\/blog\/app\/uploads\/2024\/04\/HealthGIS101_Complex-Network-Small-768x452.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/industries\/blog\/app\/uploads\/2024\/04\/HealthGIS101_Complex-Network-Small.jpg 1030w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>There are many interconnected and overlapping factors that impact the health of individuals and populations. Health, as a sector, has its own ecosystem. To be most effective, it\u2019s important to include all the relevant factors in policies and decisions.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"undefined block-editor-paragraph\">When we understand those things, using geographic location as a way to integrate and analyze data, we are enabled to see a broader, more holistic picture, essentially piecing together the puzzle of agent, host, and environment in a way that&#8217;s both comprehensible and actionable.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"421\" src=\"https:\/\/uat.esri.com\/en-us\/industries\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/HealthGIS101_better-health-1024x421.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-517662\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/industries\/blog\/app\/uploads\/2024\/04\/HealthGIS101_better-health-1024x421.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/industries\/blog\/app\/uploads\/2024\/04\/HealthGIS101_better-health-300x123.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/industries\/blog\/app\/uploads\/2024\/04\/HealthGIS101_better-health-768x316.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/industries\/blog\/app\/uploads\/2024\/04\/HealthGIS101_better-health.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Using the geographic approach provides a helpful way to combine all the important factors, using location to integrate the data. With visualization and analysis, new patterns can be revealed, pinpointing the best places to target interventions that will improve outcomes.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-why-this-matters\"><strong>Why This Matters<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"undefined block-editor-paragraph\">With 80-90% of data having a geographic component, the implications for health are enormous. Ignoring the spatial aspect of data is like walking through a city with a blindfold; you might get where you&#8217;re going, but you&#8217;ll miss the vibrant life around you. In a health context, you could miss the neighborhoods with unmet needs by analyzing your data with only a spreadsheet or statistical software program. You could miss the food deserts, the urban heat islands, or the transportation barriers that limit access to care. GIS technology leverages your spatial data and offers groundbreaking tools to address health challenges across the industry.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"943\" height=\"661\" src=\"https:\/\/uat.esri.com\/en-us\/industries\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/HealthGIS101_Tools.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-517672\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/industries\/blog\/app\/uploads\/2024\/04\/HealthGIS101_Tools.jpg 943w, https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/industries\/blog\/app\/uploads\/2024\/04\/HealthGIS101_Tools-300x210.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/industries\/blog\/app\/uploads\/2024\/04\/HealthGIS101_Tools-768x538.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 943px) 100vw, 943px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>GIS technology offers a plethora of tools to support measuring, assessing, and prediction, enhancing your understanding of processes and phenomena. In addition, GIS tools can support how and where you take action, evaluate your impact, and communicate with your stakeholders. GIS is more than a map.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"undefined block-editor-paragraph\">And by the way, it\u2019s worth noting that mapped data enables an intuitive way to present and share information. People like to engage with maps, see what conditions are like in their neighborhood and the communities of their loved ones. They can quickly digest information, ground-truth the data, and begin to ask deeper questions about what\u2019s going on where. Somehow, maps open minds to a different way of problem solving and that\u2019s where answers often begin.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-stay-tuned-mapping-your-way-to-health\"><strong>Stay Tuned: Mapping Your Way to Health<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"undefined block-editor-paragraph\">If this primer on the geographic approach to health challenges has made you eager to dive into the world of mapping, spatial analysis, and health, then please watch for my next blog which will focus on some of the quickest ways to start incorporating the geographic approach into your work with little to no experience required. I hope you\u2019ll stay with me on the journey to explore Health GIS, where every map tells a story, and every data point can lead to a healthier tomorrow.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"undefined block-editor-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/industries\/health\/community#signup\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Follow the Health GIS 101 blog series today.<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":802,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[141],"tags":[5052,2962,2922,5062,211],"class_list":["post-517632","blog","type-blog","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-health","tag-geographic-approach","tag-health-and-human-services","tag-health-equity","tag-health-gis-101","tag-social-determinants-of-health","industry-health"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Health GIS 101: Introducing the Geographic Approach<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The geographic approach allows you to visualize environmental factors impacting a communities health. 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Dr. Geraghty has been with Esri since 2014 and has led business development and solution development in the market. During her time at Esri, Dr. Geraghty has helped organizations around the world use location intelligence to combat Zika virus, finish the fight against polio, grapple with the opioid crisis, combat homelessness, enhance health preparedness and response, inform strategic planning, optimize healthcare access, and traverse the COVID-19 pandemic while tackling inequity. Formerly the Deputy Director of the Center for Health Statistics and Informatics with the California Department of Public Health, Dr. Geraghty led the state vital records and public health informatics programs. There she engaged in statewide initiatives in meaningful use, health information exchange, open data and interoperability. While serving as an Associate Professor of Clinical Internal Medicine at the University of California at Davis she conducted research on geographic approaches to influencing health policy and advancing community development programs. In addition to her degrees in Medicine, Medical Informatics and Public Health, Dr. Geraghty is also a board-certified public health professional (CPH) and a Geographic Information Systems Professional (GISP).","sameAs":["@estegeraghty","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/este-geraghty\/","https:\/\/x.com\/https:\/\/twitter.com\/estegeraghty"],"honorificPrefix":"Dr.","honorificSuffix":"MD, MS, MPH, CPH, GISP","birthDate":"1964-12-15","gender":"female","award":["HIMSS Most Influential Women in Health IT 2021"],"jobTitle":"Chief Medical Officer","worksFor":"Esri","url":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/industries\/blog\/author\/egeraghty"}]}},"text_date":"April 9, 2024","author_name":"Este Geraghty","author_page":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/industries\/blog\/author\/egeraghty","custom_image":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/industries\/blog\/app\/uploads\/2023\/05\/socal-blog.png","primary_product":"Health","tag_data":[{"term_id":5052,"name":"geographic approach","slug":"geographic-approach","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":5052,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":1,"filter":"raw"},{"term_id":2962,"name":"health and human services","slug":"health-and-human-services","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":2962,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":4,"filter":"raw"},{"term_id":2922,"name":"health equity","slug":"health-equity","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":2922,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":9,"filter":"raw"},{"term_id":5062,"name":"Health GIS 101","slug":"health-gis-101","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":5062,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":1,"filter":"raw"},{"term_id":211,"name":"social determinants of health","slug":"social-determinants-of-health","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":211,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":2,"filter":"raw"}],"category_data":[{"term_id":141,"name":"Health","slug":"health","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":141,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":34,"filter":"raw"}],"product_data":{"errors":{"invalid_taxonomy":["Invalid taxonomy."]},"error_data":[]},"primary_product_link":"https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/industries\/blog\/industry\/health","short_description":"The geographic approach allows you to visualize environmental factors impacting a communities health. 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