Charting a Course

Why we love it

Nautical charts like this one embody a remarkably refined, restrained, and efficient design. They communicate large amounts of information quickly and with a very high degree of accuracy. In fact, charts like this are legal documents bound to the strictest standards. When we think about the complex business of moving people and cargo around the world, we realize that “getting it wrong” has serious consequences. We love how this chart gets it right by literally making the invisible visible.

Why it works

Unlike road maps, nautical charts do not always show a predetermined path. Rather, it’s up to the navigator to plot or correct a course using data within the chart including navigational aids and soundings. Because of tides, a chart must be able to show places that change from one hour to the next. And charts must constantly be updated as channels silt up and depths change. This chart works because it allows vessels to safely navigate its waters—a testament to utility and refined design.

Important steps

Label for clarity

Labeling is important to all maps but of paramount importance here. Employ a consistent visual hierarchy and follow best practices for label size and placement.
Place a neutral color as your map’s background

Choose a subdued color scheme for a map that is designed to have additional information overlaid on top.
Place disclaimers in the map

State disclaimers through the map to let readers know data is imperfect and almost always out-of-date. Note the depth readings are tied to specific dates.
Select key landmarks

It is important to select key visual landmarks and features that are adjacent to the shore, even with the nautical chart not being about land.

Data and software

The source data used to create the chart comes from an Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC). An ENC is used on the bridge of a ship in a display like the navigation system in a car. Software used: ArcGIS Desktop.

Overview of the ENC database
Analysis

This chart was created using the Chart Automation Tool, a python script tool that strings together several geoprocessing tools to automate chart finishing processes.

Chart Automation Tool
Time

These charts are produced by teams of people who collect, clean, analyze, and plot the many layers of information. One single plan sheet takes approximately five days to prepare.

Place additional information in negative spaces

Use the negative space of the land as a natural place for titles, supporting information, and meta-data.
Distinguish the features easily

Since much of the linework is black, line styles place a critical role in distinguishing types of features (dots, dashes, and solids).
Minimize use of strong color

Strong color is used sparingly, and only to call attention to the most significant navigational features.