Water is a basic commodity, supporting life in all its forms. As a consequence of constantly increasing human pressures, such as population growth. agricultural intensification, industrialization, and recreational activities, the quantity and quality of water and watershed resources are more and more under threat. The management of water involves the design, implementation, and monitoring of highly complex systems, ranging from water distribution to sewage systems. The management of water resources through numerous administrative and technical bodies requires the harmonization of data.

Water-related natural hazards, such as droughts and floods, add to the existing problems, causing serious damage to property and threatening many lives.

A common thread of all water applications is the spatial dimension of the phenomena and the dynamic changes to be modeled. That is why GIS plays such a prominent role in the field. GIS can help to identify critical areas and pathways and to model the flow of water, nutrients, pollutants, and sediments through the hydrological system (including surface runoff, soil infiltration, ground water bodies, lakes, rivers, and the sea).

GIS is a powerful tool in helping manage the flow of water and wastewater to service homes and businesses. GIS technology can also track the location and condition of water mains, valves, hydrants, meters, storage facilities, sewer mains, and manholes.

For more information, visit www.esri.com/water.